GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE OF

ROURKELA

SEMINAR REPORT ON:-

Digital dc MOTOR SPEED controller

BSc 2ND YR. 4TH Semester PRASANT KUMAR MAHATO
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROLL NO:- 18-ETC-016
 INTRODUCTION

The project digital DC motor speed controller illustrates the use of

digital inputs to control the speed of a dc motor.

To process the digital inputs, a D/A converter will be used, while a
combination of a speed sensor and F/V converter will be used to
sense and convert the speed into an appropriate voltage.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 EXPLANATION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

 The output of D/A converter is proportional to the binary input.

 The differential amplifier compares the D/A converter output with output
voltage of F/V converter.

 The resulting difference voltage is the input to Power amplifier/driver stage.

 The output of power amplifier/driver the drives the DC motor.

 The speed sensor then converts the motor’s speed into pulse waveform, which
in turn is converted into proportional voltage by F/V converter.
Schematic Diagram Of Digitally Controlled Dc Motor

BUFFER
D/A
CONVERTER

F/V CONVERTER
TRW 405A100-1
DESCRIPTION OF IC’S USED

The IC’S used are SN74LS241: OCTAL TRI-STATE BUFFER, MC1408 8-bit D/A
converter, MC1403 2.5v Voltage Reference, LF353 dual op-amp, 9400 F/V
converter, and the Hall-effect transducer.
The Eight LEDs indicate the state of the digital inputs applied to the D/A
converter.
The 74LS241 octal tri-state buffer is used here because it isolates the LEDs from
switches and also provide a current drive for the LEDs.
The TL170 is a three terminal plastic package that consists of a silicon sensor,
signal conditioning and hysteresis function, and an open-collector output stage
integrated onto a monolithic chip.
 THE D/A AND F/V CONVERTERS INITIAL VALUES:-

1. With all the inputs high (logic ), adjusting R17 so that the output
voltage of the converter is 3.0 V.

2. Disconnecting pin 11 of the F/V converter from the junction of

R27 and R26. Firstly, using the zero-adjust circuit connected to pin
2 to reduce the output voltage to zero. Secondly, applying 160-
Hz, PP symmetrical square wave to pin 11 and adjusting R29 until
the output voltage is equal to 3.0 V.
CONFIGURATION OF TL170 & MOTOR:-

To operate, the TL170 sensor is positioned so that the plain surface of
the sensor faces the permanent magnet and to obtain two samples
per revolution and hence help to control the motor speed more
accurately, four permanent magnets are used.
When the motor is running, the distance between the disk and sensor
can be adjusted so that the output of the sensor is a pulse waveform.

The motor in circuit figure initially starts running when the input
binary code is (00000110)2.
Thereafter, the motor speed increases with the digital input until the
motor attains a maximum speed at (00111111) 2.
 OPERATING PRINCIPLE

 The key to the operation of the circuit is that the differential amplifier
maintains a specific difference between two input voltages so that motor speed
is constant at the selected digital input setting.

 The output voltage of the D/A converter will be maximum positive when all the
inputs are logic 1 i.e. when all inputs are logic 1 the motor will run at a
maximum speed.

 When digital inputs have just been set to lower the speed. Then it will reduce
the output voltage of the D/A converter, which in turn reduces the difference
between the two input voltages of the differential amplifier, resulting in a
reduced drive for the motor.
The difference voltage is necessary to maintain the constant
motor speed, which is maintained through the use of negative
feedback.

The digital inputs are calibrated in terms of revolutions per min.

(rpm) i.e. 4800
 APPLICATIONS

Cruise Control of automobiles

Conveyers
Reverse controlling systems

Tachometer, Fans And

Many Home Appliances
Anything electrical/mechanical components in which speed needs
to measured and adjusted.
 CONCLUSION

Through this project we have explained the working and application

of D/A and F/V converters.
However, the motor speed does not increase further even though
the digital input(00111111)2 is increased. In other words, we get 6-
bit resolution instead of 8-bit.
To obtain 8-bit resolution, an appropriate DAC with better
resolution, a motor having favorable electromechanical
specifications and a differential amplifier with proper gain must be
selected.
 THANK YOU

ANY QUESTIONS..?