CE-309L: Structural Engineering Software Application

Lecture-09 Earthquake Analysis

By
Engr. Asim Abbas

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 Lecture Outlines
Introduction Earthquake

UBC-97 Seismic Parameter

Seismic Loading Criteria/Methods

Seismic Loading Modelling in SAP

Class Tasks

Lab Report

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 Introduction to Earthquake
 Earthquake results from the sudden movement of the tectonic

plates in the earth’s crust.

 The movement, taking place at the fault lines, causes energy

release which is transmitted through the earth in the form of

waves. These waves reach the structure causing shaking.

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 Introduction to Earthquake
 Displacement during Earthquake

 The structures are normally designed for horizontal shaking to

minimize the effect of damages due to earthquakes.

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 Introduction to Earthquake
ACI Special Provisions for Seismic
 Reversal of stresses takes place

during earthquake shaking, fig.

 Earthquake shaking reverses

tension and compression in members

 Reinforcement is required on both

faces of members.
 Splicing Location, hooks angle, Steel

 Dimensions of member

 Joint reinforcement

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Specific site detail

Seismic Zone

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Specific site detail

Soil Type

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Specific site detail

Past Earthquake Magnitude

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Determination of Seismic Coefficient

Cv & Ca

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Determination of Importance Factor

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Determination of R factor

R factor depends on overall structural response of the structure

under lateral loading. For structures exhibiting good

performance, R factor will be high.

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 UBC-97 Seismic Parameters
 Determination of Structure Time period

 Structural Period (By Method A, UBC 97):For all buildings, the value T may be

approximated from the following formula:

Where,
 Ct = 0.035 (0.0853) for steel moment-resisting frames.

 Ct = 0.030 (0.0731) for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and

eccentrically braced frames.

 Ct= 0.020 (0.0488) for all other buildings.

 hn= Actual height (feet or meters) of the building above the base to the nth level

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 Seismic Loading Criteria/Methods
 According to UBC-97

Static Force Procedure

Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure

Time History Analysis

Response Spectrum Analysis

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 Seismic Loading Criteria/Methods
Static Force Procedure

Cν = Seismic coefficient I = Seismic importance factor R = numerical coefficient

representative of inherent over strength and global ductility capacity of lateral force-
resisting systems W = the total seismic dead load

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 Seismic Loading Criteria/Methods
Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure

Time History Analysis

It will be the history of any earthquake previously happened

Structural response
(Displacement,
Acceleration) is
computed at a number
of subsequent time
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 Seismic Loading Criteria/Methods
Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure

Response Spectrum Analysis

Provide Maximum
response

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 Seismic Loading Modelling in SAP
Static Force Procedure

Phase-I: Pre-Processing

Phase-II: Analysis

Phase-III: Post-Processing

Example (3D Frame)

Soil Type = SD
Seismic Zone Factor = 0.2 (As for Peshawar it
is zone 2B)
Importance Factor = 1
Over Strength Factor R = 5.5
Time Period Factor, C(t) = 0.03 for Concrete
Eccentricity Ratio = 0.05
UBC Load Cases = EQX and EQY
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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Setting up the model Geometry by using template

 File > New Model > SAP2000 templates > 3D frame

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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Other procedure includes material, area section (Same)

Defining Load pattern

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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Other procedure includes material, area section (Same)

Modify Lateral Load pattern

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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Define load combination

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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Define mass source

 Because it effect structural

response against EQ

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 Cont..
 Phase-II: Analysis

 Phase-III: Post-Processing

Animation

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 Seismic Loading Criteria
Time History Analysis

After modelling the structure

Define > Function >Time History>file (Previous EQ)

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 Seismic Loading Criteria
Time History Analysis

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 Seismic Loading Criteria
Time History Analysis

 For Any other EQ >user define or any other function (sine)

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 Cont..
 Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

 Other procedure includes material, area section (Same)

Defining Load Case

Define>load case>add new

Add load case in x & y direction

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 Cont..

X-Direction =
U1
Y-Direction =
U2

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 Cont..
 Phase-II: Analysis

 Phase-III: Post-Processing

Animation

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 Seismic Loading Criteria
Response Spectrum Analysis

After modelling the structure

Define > Function >response spectrum > UBC 97 or from

file

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 Cont..
Response Spectrum Analysis

Define > Function >response spectrum > UBC 97

In engineering,
the damping ratio is a
dimensionless measure
describing how oscillations
in a system decay after a
disturbance.

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 Cont..

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 Cont..
 Phase-II: Analysis

 Phase-III: Post-Processing

Animation

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 Class Task

Task
Analyze the given structure under seismic loading as single story
and multi-story (same plan above) by using response spectrum
criteria and comments on the results.
” Soil Type = SC
Zone = 3
fc = 3ksi
fy = 40ksi
beam = 12’’x12’’
Column =
14”x14

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 Class Task

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 Thank You..
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