Elements

and
Principles
of Art
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
• enumerate the different elements of visual and auditory
art;
• differentiate the principles of art;
• provide examples of some of the elements and principles
of art;
• explain the relevance of the elements and principles of art
in the study of art and its products (artworks); and
• illustrate examples of hybrid art and dissect what art forms
are combined therein.
 Elements of Art and
1.Line
Design
 It refers to to a point moving at identifiable path, it has
length and direction.
It is one-dimensional, however, it has the capacity to either
define the perimeters of the artwork (edges) and/or become
a substantial component of the composition.
Although, line is “simple”, it has variations in view of its
orientation/ direction, shape and thickness.
 >Orientation of
Lines
a) Horizontal and Vertical lines
Horizontal
• It is normally associated with rest or calm.
• Landscapes often contain these elements as works like these
often connote a visual sense of being parallel to the ground.
• It also alludes to position of the reclined body rest.
Vertical lines
• connote elevation or height, which is usually taken to mean
exaltation or aspiration for action
2 - 3 . Shapes and Form
• these two are related to each other in the
sense that they define the space occupied by
the object of art
• Shape refers to two dimensions:
-Height and Width.
• Forms refers to three dimensions :
-Height, Width, and Depth.
2 categories can be used as a broad
distinction:
a) Geometric
- these shapes find origin in mathematical propositions.
- includes shapes such as squares, triangles, cubes, spheres,
and cones, among others.
b) Organic
- those readily occuring in nature, often irregular and
assymentrical.
4. Space
• It is usually inferred from a sense of depth, whether it is real or
simulated.
• Real space is three-dimensional.
• In two-dimensioanl artworks,
• Positive and negative space
- usually idientified with the white space is the
negative space. The postive psace is the space where
shadowe is heavily used.
• Three-dimensional space
- can be simulated through a variety of
techniques such as shading.
5. Color
• Color perharps one of the lements that enhances the
appeal of an artwork. Its effect has range, allowing the
viewer to make responses based on memory, emotion,
and instinct, among others.
• This element is a property of light, as it is reflected off
the object. Without light, one cannot perceive color.
 The color wheel corresponds
to the first proiperty of color,
hue.
a) Hue
- This dimension of color gives its name. It can be
subdivided into :
• Primary colors - red, yellow, and blue
• Secondary colors - green, orange, and violet
• Tertiary colors - six in total , when primary and
secondary colors are mixed
b) Value
- This refers to the brightness or darkness of color.
• Light colors - taken as the source of light in the
composition
• Dark colors - the lack or even absence of light
Range of values
• Tint
- is a lighter color than the normal value
• Shade
- a darker color than the normal value
c) Intensity
- is the color's brightness or dullness
- identified as the strength of color,
whether it is vivid or muted
• Bright or warm colors
- positive energy
• Dull or cool colors
- sedate/ soothing, seriousness or calm
6. Texture
• This element in an artwork is experienced
through the sense of touch (aqnd sight).
• It renders the art onjcet tactile.
• Often, texture is commonly associated with
textiles.
Planes and
Perspective
• Some art forms work with actual spaces,
such as scupltors, architects, and stage
designers.
• Picture plane - the actual surface of the
painting or drawing, where no illusion or a
third dimension exists.
Three types of
Perspective
a. one-point perspective
- often used in depicting roads, tracks, hallways, or rows of trees ;
this type of perspective shows parallel lines that seem to converge
at a specific and lone vanishing point, along the horizon line
b. two-point perspective
- pertains to a painting or drawing that makes use of two vanishing
point. It is often used in depicting structures such as houses or
buildings in the landscape that are viewed from a specific corner.
c. three-point perspective
- in this type of perspective, the viewer is looking at the scene from
above or below.
Elements of Arts :
Auditory
Common Elements of
Music
1. Rhythm
- often associated to the terms beat, meter, and tempo
- the lent of music that situates it in time
- it is the pulse of music
• Beat - is the basic unit of music
• Tempo - refers to iots speed(beats/second)
• Meter - recognizable recurrent pattern
2. Dynamics
- the lement of music that refers to the loudness or
quietness of music
3. Melody
- refers to the linear presentation (horizontal) of pitch.
Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical sound.
4. Harmony
- vertical presentation. It arises when pitches are
combinedto form chords. When several notes are
simultaneously played, this refers to a chord.
5. Timbre
- often likened to color of music. It is a quality that
distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another. The
timbre may give a certain tone or characteristics to music.
6. Texture
- the number of melodies, the type of layers, and their
relatedness in a composition is the texture of music. It
maybe monophonic, polyphonic, or homophonic.
Principles of Art
1. Balance
- this principle refers to the distribution of the visual
elements in view of their placement in relation to each other.

3 forms of balance:
a. symmetrical - used on one side are reflected to the other. This offers the most stable visual
sense to any artwork
b. asymmetrical - not the same (not the same weight) on each side, putting the heaviness on one
side
2. Scale and Poroportion
• Scale - the size in relation to what is normal for the figure
or object in question
• Proportion - the size of the components, or of objects in
relation to one another when taken as a composition or a
unit
• Proportion can be natural, exaggerated, and idealized
3-4. Emphasis and Contrast
• Emphasis - alows the attention of the viewer to a focal
point
• Contrast - disparity between the elements that figure
into the composition
5-6. Unity and Variety
• Unity - sense of completeness
• Variety - aims to retain the interest by allowing
patches that both excite and allow the eye to rest
7. Harmony
- achieve a sense of flow and interconnectedness
8.Movement
- direction of the viewing eye as it goes through the artwork
9. Rhythm
- when the elemnt is repeated, creating movement
10- 11. Repetition and pattern
- recurring manner
THANK
YOU
!!!!