PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS – 15U604

MOBILE COMMUNICATION
BATCH 12 PRESENTED BY,
BALAMURUGAN S (17U205)
MONISH R (17U228)
MUKSEH D (17U230)
PARY AAKASH K (17U231)
03/22/2020 RUBESH M (18U443)
Mobile Communication 1
MOBILE COMMUNICATION(Cellular Communication)
INTRODUCTION

“Mobile communication describes the use of various

technological systems in order to communicate while one
is away from a fixed location.[2]”

Communicate in different locations without physical connection.

Using mobile phones and portable computing devices.

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COMPARISON
MOBILE COMMUNICATION WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Portable devices Does not mean mobile
Traditional computers
Taken anywhere
A fixed or portable endpoint
Resources of distributed with access to a distributed
network to anywhere network
Without attaching to a To connect localized browser
hardware infrastructure hardware is attached.
Eg - Mobile phones Eg - LAN

Mobile communication is a part of wireless

communication
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 EVOLUTION

03/22/2020 Fig 1 – Evolution of Communication

Mobile mobile communication[3] 4
HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES[3]

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 MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

[Image credits: Cartoon Stock]

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 HOW DOES MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY WORK?

Still a bizarre?

• Mobile Base Station

• Microwave transmission

[Image credits: techulator]

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 MOBILE PHONE CONVERSATION AND ITS
TRANSMISSION PROCESS

[Image credits: techulator]

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 ANTENNA

• An antenna converts an electric signal to the

radio wave (transmitter) and vice versa
(receiver).
• An antenna is a metallic element

[Image credits: Pong pulse]

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 CELLULAR SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

CELLS AND CLUSTERS

• A cell is the basic geographic unit of a cellular

system.
• A cluster is a group of cells

[Image credits: The international

Engineering Consortium]

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 CELLULAR SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

FREQUENCY REUSE

• Reuse radio channels.

• Cells are assigned a group of channels that is
completely different from the neighbouring cells.

[Image credits: The international

Engineering Consortium]

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 CELLULAR SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

CELL SPLITTING

• Heavy traffic regions.

• Economic consideration leads to cell splitting.

[Image credits: The international

Engineering Consortium]

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 CELLULAR SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

HANDOFF

• Problem: A mobile subscriber travelled from one

cell to another during a call

[Image credits: The international

Engineering Consortium]

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 FDMA, CDMA AND TDMA SYSTEMS

• FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Systems,

• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Systems
• TDMA: Time Domain Multiple Systems
• In FDMA, the transmitting and receiving frequencies used in each cell are different from
the frequencies used in the neighboring cells.
• CDMA is more complex and the distributed transceivers can select one cell and listen to it.
• In TDMA the available spectrum is partitioned into narrow frequency bands or frequency
channels, which, in turn, are divided into a number of time slots.

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 SPECIFICATIONS

3G vs. 4G

Terms 3G 4G
Frequency Band 1.8 – 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 5 – 20 MHz
Data rate Up to 2Mbps ( 384 kbps Up to 20 Mbps or more
WAN)
Access    Wideband CDMA Multi-carrier - CDMA  or
OFDM(TDMA)
 Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

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APPLICATIONS
• Vehicle

• Chatting

• Emergencies

• Accessibility to wireless devices

• Online payment

• Multiuser games

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 VEHICLE
• Transmission of music, news, road conditions,
weather reports, and other broadcast information .

• A universal mobile telecommunications system

(UMTS) phone might be available offering voice and
data connectivity with 384kbit/s.

• For remote areas, satellite communication can be

used, while the current position of the car is
determined via the GPS (Global Positioning System). Fig 1. Mobile communication in Traffic

• Vehicle data from buses, trucks, trains and high

speed train can be transmitted in advance
for maintenance.
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 EMERGENCIES

• Video communication: Transmission of live video footage from a disaster area to the

nearest fire department, to the police station or to the near NGOs etc.

• Audio/Voice Communication: This communication service provides full duplex audio

channels. Public safety communication requires novel full duplex speech transmission
services for emergency response.

• Real Time Text Messaging (RTT): An effective and quick solution for sending alerts in
case of emergencies. Types of text messaging can be email, SMS and instant message.

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WIRELESS DEVICES
• Sensor: Wireless device is represented by a sensor transmitting state information. 1 example
could be a switch, sensing the office door.

• If the door is closed, the switch transmits this information to the mobile phone inside the office
which will not accept incoming calls without user interaction; the semantics of a closed door is
applied to phone calls.

• Embedded Controller: Many applications already contain a simple or sometimes more complex

controller. Headsets, washing machines, coffee machines and TV sets are just some examples.

OTHER APPLICATIONS
• Online payment for movie tickets, shopping, etc.,

• Multiuser games for entertainment.

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REFERENCES
1. Ray E. Sheriff , Y. Fun Hu - “Mobile Satellite Communication Networks” John
Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/mobile-
communication
3. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Evolution-of-Mobile-Wireless-
Communication-to-5G-as-
sharma/ee92210c6be1dca049f80b898ff03713b402c74f/figure/1

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