ASSIGNMENT ABOUT

TENSES

BY

NAME : DYAH SEKAR PRATIWI

CLASS : PENDIDIKAN IPA REGULER A
NIM : 1916040001
WHAT IS A TENSES ?

Tenses play a crucial role in the English

language. It denotes the time an action
takes place, whether sometime in the past,
in the present or will take some time in the
future.
16 TENSES IN ENGLISH
A. PRESENT TENSE B. PAST TENSE
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
Present Prefect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Tense Tense

C. FUTURE TENSE D. PAST FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense Simple Past Future Tense
Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
Tense Tense
Future  Perfect Tense Past Future perfect Tense
Future Perfect Past Future perfect
Continuous Tense Continuous Tense
 What is Present Tense?

Present Tense is used to describe an action that is taking

place at the moment of speaking, with no connection to
the past or future. In other words, Present Tense is used to
describe events that are happening at that very moment.
1. Simple Present Tense
Indicates an action that is generally true or habitual. That is, it
took place in the past , continue to take place in the present,
and will take place in the future.

The Simple Present Tense is used to describe habits,

unchanging situations, fixed events, universal truths. The
Simple Present Tense is used:
1. To express habits, universal truths, repeated actions or
fixed events.
2. To express fixed arrangements, present or future.
3. To give instructions or directions.
 FORMULA

(+) S + V1 + es/s + O/C (+) S + to be + O/C

(- ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C (- ) S + do/does + not + O/C
(? ) do/does + S + V1 + O/C? (? ) to be+ S + V1 + O/C?

EXAMPLE
(+) Yura speaks mandarin fluently
(-) Yura does not speak mandarin (+) He is a futsal player.
fluently (-) He is not a futsal player.
(?) Does yura speak mandarin (?)Is he a futsal player?
fluently?
2. Present Perfect Tense
Indicates an action that has been completed sometime before the
present moment, with a result that affects the present situation.

The Present Perfect Tense is used to indicate a link between

the present and the past.
1. An action that started in the past and continues in the present.
2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
3. A repeated action done several times in the past and
continues in the present too.
4. An action that has been completed in the recent past.
FORMULA

(+) S + to be +V-ing+ O/C

(-) S + to be +V-ing+ O/C
(?)to be + S + V-ing+O/C

EXAMPLE

1.
(+) She is watching a movie today.
(-)She is not watching a movie today.
(?)Is she watching a movie today?
2.
(+)We are making a video right now.
(-)We are not making a video right now.
(?)Are we making a video right now?
3. Present Perfect Tense

Indicates an action that is taking place at the moment of

speaking.

The Present Continuous Tense is made from the present

form of the verb ‘be’ and the -ing form of a verb. It is used:
1. To describe an action that is happening at the moment
of speaking.
2. To describe future plans or arrangements. 
3. To describe an action that is going on during the time of
speaking.
FORMULA

( + ) S + have/has + V3 + O/C
( – ) S + have/has + not + V3 +
O/C
( ? ) have/has + s + V3 + O/C?

EXAMPLE
1.
(+) He has washed the motorcycle this afternoon.
(-) He has not washed the motorcycle this
afternoon.
(?) Has he washed the motorcycle this afternoon?
2.
(+) They have seen cobra in that garden.
(-) They have not seen cobra in that garden.
(?) Have they seen cobra in that garden?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Indicates an action that started in the past and is

continuing at the present time. 

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for an

action that started in the past and has continued up to
the present moment. It is used:
1. To describe an action that started in the past and has
continued up to the present.
2. To describe an action that has just finished.
 FORMULA
( + ) S + have/has + been + V1-ing+ O/C
( – ) S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing
+
O/C
( ? ) have/has + S + been + V1-ing + O/C?

EXAMPLE
1.
(+) He has been living in Makassar since 2010.
(-) He has not been living in Makassar since
2010.
(?) Has he been living in Makassar since 2010?

2.
(+) I have been working here since 2018.
(-) I have not been working here since 2018.
(?) Have I been working here since 2018?
 What is Past Tense?

Past Tense refers to actions that take place in the

past. In addition, they are used to talk about
hypothesis and for politeness.
1. Simple Past Tense

Indicates an action took place before the present moment

and that has no real connection with the present time. 

The Simple Past Tense denoted an action that happened in

the past and has no connection with the present. The Simple
Past is used:
1. To denote an action that happened once in the past.
2. To denote an action that happened regularly in the past.
3. To denote an action that was true for some time in the
past.
FORMULA
1.
( + ) S + V2 + O/C
( – ) S + did + not + V1 + O/C
( ? ) did + s + V1 + O/C?
EXAMPLE
2.
1.
( + ) S + to be (was/were) + O/C
(+) She bought this car from a friend of my
( – ) S + to be (was/were) + not +
aunty.
O/C
(-) She did not buy this car from a friend of
( ? ) to be (was/were) + s + O/C?
my aunty.
(?) Did she buy this car from a friend of my
aunty?

2.
(+) They were here every night.
(-) They were not here every night.
(?) Were they here every night?
 
2. Past Perfect Tense

Indicates an action in the past that had been completed before

another time or event in the past.
The Past Perfect Tense denotes an action that happened before
another action in the past. The tense makes it clear which
action happened first. The Past Perfect Tense is used:
1. For an action that started in the past and continued up to a
given time in the past.
2. For an action done several times up to a point in the past
and continued to do after that point.
3. While reporting our experience up to the (then) present.
4. For an action that happened in the past but is important at
the time of reporting.
FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + had + V3 + O/C
( – ) S + had + not + V3 +
O/C
( ? ) had + s + V3 + O/C?

EXAMPLE

1.
(+) He had broken his leg an accident.
(-) He had not broken his leg an accident.
(?) Had he broken his leg an accident?
3. Past Continuous Tense

Indicates an action going on at some time in the past or an

action in the past that is longer in duration than another action
in the past.  

The Past Continuous Tense describes an action that began in

the past and is still going on at the moment of speaking. The
Past Continuous Tense is used:
1. For an action that continued before and after another action.
2. To denote a change of mind. 
3. To denote an action happening repeatedly.
 FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + was/were + V – ing + O/C
( – ) S + was/were + not + V – ing + O/C
( ? ) was/were + s + V – ing + O/C?

EXAMPLE
1.
(+) She was cooking fried rice when Aldi come home.
(-) She was not cooking fried rice when Aldi come
home.
(?) Was she cooking fried rice when Aldi come home?

2.
(+) We were studying english when my dad called me.
(-) We were not studying english when my dad called
me.
(?) Were we studying english when my dad called me
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Indicates an action in the past that took place before

another time or event in the past and continued during
the second event or time point in the past.

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense denotes an action

that started in the past and continued up to another point
in the past. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:
1. For something that started in the past and continued
up until another time in the past.
2. To show cause and effect.
FORMULA 1.
( + ) s + had + been + V – ing + O/C
( – ) s + had + not + been + V – ing +
O/C
( ? ) had + s + been + V – ing + O/C?

1.
(+) She had been waiting for 10 minutes before i finally came to
her school.
(-) She had been not waiting for 10 minutes before i finally came
to her school.
EXAMPLE
(?) Had she been waiting for 10 minutes before i finally came to
her school?
 2.
(+) Kurnia had been sleeping for 30 minutes in class room before
the next class start.
(-) Kurnia had not been sleeping for 30 minutes in class room
before the next class start.
(?) Had kurnia been sleeping for 30 minutes in class room before
the next class start.
 What is Future Tense?

Future Tense always indicates a time later than the

present. In other words, it is used to denote an action
that is expected to take place in the future.
Future Tense depicts an action that happens in the future
or is likely to happen in the future. It may also express
the speaker’s attitude to a future event.
1. Simple Future Tense

Indicates an action that will take place after the present time
and that has no real connection with the present time. 

The Simple Future Tense denotes an action that will take place
in the future. It expresses facts and certainty. This tense is
used:
1. To predict an event in the future.
2. To express willingness.
3. To give orders. 
4. To invite.
 FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + shall/will + V1 + O/C
( – ) S + shall/will + not + V1 + O/C
( ? ) shall/will + s + V1 + O/C?

1.
(+) We shall go to spain next year.
(-) We shall not go to spain next year.
(?) Shall we go to spain next year?
2. EXAMPLE
(+) She sure Billy will came us soon.
(-) She not sure Billy will came us
soon.
(?) Will She sure Billy came us soon?
2. Future Perfect Tense

Indicates an action in the future that will have been completed

before another time or event in the future.

The Future Perfect Tense depicts an action that will be

finished by a particular time in the future. It is used:
1. To depict the duration of an action that starts before and
continues up to another action or time in the future.
2. To depict an action that will finish before a certain time in
the future, but exactly when that happens is not known.
 FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + shall/will + be + v – ing + O/C
( – ) S + shall/will + not + be + V – ing + O/C
( ? ) shall/will + s + be + V – ing+ O/C

EXAMPLE

1.
(+) He will be helping me tomorrow.
(-) He will not be helping me tomorrow.
(?) Will he be helping me tomorrow?
2.
(+) We shall be waiting for her after breakfast tomorrow.
(-) We shall not be waiting for her after breakfast tomorrow.
(?) Shall we be waiting for her after breakfast tomorrow?
3. Future Continuous Tense

Indicates an action in the future that is longer in duration

than another action in the future.

The Future Continuous Tense depicts an action that is

likely to happen in the future and continue for an expected
length of time. The tense is used:
1. To denote an action that will be in progress at some
point in the future.
2. To denote an action verbs.
3. To be used for predicting about future events.
 1.
FORMULA ( + ) S + shall/will + have + V3 + O/C
( – ) S + shall/will + not + have + V3 +
O/C
( ? ) shall/will + s + have + V3 + O/C

1.
(+) She will have arrived in Makassar tomorrow.
(-) She will not have arrived in Makassar tomorrow.
(?) will she have arrived in Makassar tomorrow?

2.
(+) We shall have got home by lunch time.
(-) We shall not have got home by lunch time. EXAMPLE
(?) Shall we have got home by lunch time?

 
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Indicates an action in the future that will have been

continuing until another time or event in the future.

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense depicts an action

that will continue up until a point in the future. It is used:
1. To depict the duration of an action that continues up
to another point in the future.
2. To denote an action that finishes just before another
time or action in the future.
 FORMULA
1.
( + ) S + will + have + been + V1 - ing + O/C
( – ) S + will + not + have + been + V1 - ing + O/C
( ? ) will + S + have+ been + V1 - ing + O/C
EXAMPLE
1.
(+) Arya will have been studying in California for a year by the end
of this month.
(-) Arya will not have been studying in California for a year by the
end of this month.
(?) will Arya have been studying in California for a year by the end
of this month?
2.
(+) My mother will have been working in that villa for 15 years by
next week.
(-) My mother will not have been working in that villa for 15 years by
next week.
(?) will my mother have been working in that villa for 15 years by
next week?
 What Is Past Future Tense?
Past future tense is a form of verb to talk about the
future from the perspective of the past. More
specifically, this form is used to express an action that
will be done, both voluntary and planned, make
predictions, and make promises in the future while in
the past. Past future tense is often used in reported
speech.
1. Simple Past Future Tense

Simple past future tense is a sentence pattern to express

an action that will be done or an event that happened in
the past.
 FORMULA
1.
( + ) S + would/should + V1 + O/C
( – ) S + would/should+ not + V1 + O/C
( ? ) would/should+ s + V1 + O/C?

EXAMPLE

1.
(+) I would call you at that time but I forgot to charge my handphone.
(-) I would not call you at that time but I forgot to charge my handphone.
(?) would I call you at that time but I forgot to charge my handphone?

2.
(+) I would buy a new motorcycle someday.
(-) I would not buy a new motorcycle someday.
(?) would I buy a new motorcycle someday?
 2. Past Future Continuos Tense

Past future continuous tense is a sentence pattern to

express an action that will be done or an event that will
be happening in the future while in the past.
 FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + would/should + have + V3 + O/C
( – ) S + would/should+ not + have + V3 + O/C
( ? ) would/should+ s + have + V3 + O/C?

EXAMPLE
1.
(+) My sister would have built the hotel by January last year.
(-) My sister would not have built the hotel by January last year.
(?) Would my sister have built the hotel by January last year?
2.
(+) He should have finished the work report last week.
(-) He should not have finished the work report last week.
(?) Should he have finished the work report last week?
 
 3. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense is a sentence pattern

that shown an action that would have been
done in the past.
 FORMULA
1.
( + ) S + would/should + be + V1- ing + O/C
( – ) S + would/should+ not + be + V1- ing + O/C
( ? ) would/should+ s + be + V1- ing + O/C?

EXAMPLE
1.
(+) I would be preparing dinner at this hour yesterday night.
(-) I would not be preparing dinner at this hour yesterday night.
(?) would I be preparing dinner at this hour yesterday night?
2.
(+) I would be meeting him in grocery store.
(-) I would not be meeting him in grocery store.
(?) would I be meeting him in grocery store?
 4. Past Future Perfect Continuos Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense is a sentence

pattern to express activities or events that will
have been going on for a long time at a certain
time in the past.
 FORMULA

1.
( + ) S + would/should + have + been + V1- ing + O/C
( – ) S + would/should+ not + have + been + V1- ing + O/C
( ? ) would/should+ s + have + been + V1- ing + O/C?

1.
(+) I would have been finishing my homework tomorrow.
(-) I would not have been finishing my homework tomorrow.
(?) would I have been finishing my homework tomorrow?
2.
(+) I would have been studying at Makassar University for 4 years.
(-) I would not have been studying at Makassar University for 4 years.
EXAMPLE (?) would I have been studying at Makassar University for 4 years.