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ISI
ISI
Lecture 5:
– Due to improper filtering (@ Tx and/or Rx), the received pulses overlap one
another thus making detection difficult
Example of ISI
– Assume polar NRZ line code
1, n 0
p nT
0, n 0
p(t)
1
shaping function
0 no ISI !
t
1
T
2 fN t0 2t0
P f m T T
m
f
0 fa 2 f N 4 fN
(limited bandwidth)
03/23/20 The University of Lahore, Islamabad Communication Systems II 13
Sample rate vs. bandwidth
W is the bandwidth of P(f)
When 1/T > 2W, no function to satisfy Nyquist
condition.
P(f)
0.8
0.6
0.4
Spectra
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subcarrier Number k
1
T T 2
T 2
π
π
W
0 W
0 t
03/23/20 The University of Lahore, Islamabad Communication Systems II 20
2nd Nyquist Criterion: Example