OCEAN ENGINEERING - ITS

Weld Joint Design

Nur Syahroni, ST., MT., Ph.D.

Adopted from: TWI CSWIP WI Duties & Responsibilities

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Welding Terminology & Definitions

What is a Weld?
• A localised coalescence of metals or non-metals produced
either by heating the materials to the welding temperature,
with or without the application of pressure, or by the
application of pressure alone (AWS)

• A permanent union between materials caused by heat, and

or pressure (BS499)

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

 Welding Terminology & Definitions

What is a Joint?

 The junction of members or the edges of members that are

to be joined or have been joined (AWS)

 A configuration of members (BS499)

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Joint Terminology

Edge Open & Closed Corner Lap

Tee Butt
Cruciform
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Weld Terminology

Butt weld Spot weld

Fillet weld

Edge weld Plug weld

Compound weld
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Welded Butt Joints

Butt Welded butt joint

A_________

Fillet Welded butt joint

A_________

Compound Welded butt joint

A____________

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Welded Tee Joints

Fillet Welded T joint

A_________

Butt Welded T joint

A_________

Compound Welded T joint

A____________

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

 Butt Preparations – Sizes
Partial Penetration Butt Weld

Actual Throat
Design Throat
Thickness
Thickness

Full Penetration Butt Weld

Design Throat Actual Throat

Thickness Thickness

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Joint Preparation Terminology
Included angle Included angle

Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face Root Face

Root Gap Root Gap
Single-V Butt Single-U Butt
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Joint Preparation Terminology
Angle of bevel Angle of bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face Root Gap Root Face

Root Gap Land
Single Bevel Butt Single-J Butt
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Single Sided Butt Preparations
Single sided preparations are normally made on thinner materials, or
when access form both sides is restricted

Single Bevel Single Vee

Single-J Single-U
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Double Sided Butt Preparations
Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker materials, or when
access form both sides is unrestricted

Double -Bevel Double -Vee

Double - J Double - U
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Weld Preparation
Terminology & Typical Dimensions: V-Joints

bevel angle
included angle

root face
root gap

Typical Dimensions
bevel angle 30 to 35°
root face ~1.5 to ~2.5mm
root gap ~2 to ~4mm
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Butt Weld - Toe Blend
6 mm
•Most codes quote the weld
toes shall blend smoothly
80° •This statement is not
quantitative and therefore
open to individual
Poor Weld Toe Blend Angle
interpretation
3 mm •The higher the toe blend
angle the greater the
20° amount of stress
concentration

Improved Weld Toe Blend •The toe blend angle ideally

Angle should be between 20o-30o
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Fillet Weld Features

Excess
Weld
Metal
Vertical
Leg
Length Design
Throat

Horizontal leg Length

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Fillet Weld Throat Thickness

a
b
a = Design Throat Thickness
b = Actual Throat Thickness

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Deep Penetration Fillet Weld
Features

a
a = Design Throat Thickness b
b = Actual Throat Thickness

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

 Fillet Weld Sizes
Calculating Throat Thickness from a known Leg Length:

Design Throat Thickness = Leg Length x 0.7

Question: The Leg length is 14mm.

What is the Design Throat?

Answer: 14mm x 0.7 = 10mm Throat Thickness

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Fillet Weld Sizes
Calculating Leg Length from a known Design Throat
Thickness:

Leg Length = Design Throat Thickness x 1.4

Question: The Design Throat is 10mm.

What is the Leg length?

Answer: 10mm x 1.4 = 14mm Leg Length

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

 Features to Consider
Importance of Fillet Weld Leg Length Size

(a) (b)

8mm
4mm

4mm 2mm

Approximately the same weld volume in both Fillet Welds,

but the effective throat thickness has been altered, reducing
considerably the strength of weld B
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Fillet Weld Profiles
Fillet welds - Shape

Mitre Fillet Convex Fillet

A concave profile is
preferred for joints
subjected to fatigue
Concave Fillet loading
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
 Welding Positions
PA 1G / 1F Flat / Downhand

PB 2F Horizontal-Vertical

PC 2G Horizontal
PD 4F Horizontal-Vertical (Overhead)

PE 4G Overhead

PF 3G / 5G Vertical-Up

PG 3G / 5G Vertical-Down

H-L045 6G Inclined Pipe (Upwards)

J-L045 6G Inclined Pipe (Downwards)

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Welding Positions
ISO

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)

Welding position designation
Butt welds in plate (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA Overhead - PE

Vertical
up - PF

Vertical Horizontal - PC
down - PG
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Welding position designation
Butt welds in pipe (see ISO 6947)

Vertical up - PF Vertical down - PG

Flat - PA axis: horizontal axis: horizontal pipe:
axis: horizontal pipe: fixed fixed
pipe: rotated

H-L045 J-L045 Horizontal - PC

axis: inclined at 45° axis: inclined at 45° axis: vertical pipe:
pipe: fixed pipe: fixed fixed
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Welding position designation
Fillet welds on plate (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA Horizontal - PB Overhead - PD

Vertical up - PF Vertical down - PG

Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Welding position designation
Fillet welds on pipe (see ISO 6947)

Flat - PA Horizontal - PB Overhead - PD

axis: inclined at 45° axis: vertical pipe: axis: vertical
pipe: rotated fixed pipe: fixed

Horizontal - PB Vertical up - PF Vertical down - PG

axis: horizontal axis: horizontal axis: horizontal
pipe: rotated pipe: fixed pipe: fixed
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Plate/Fillet Weld Positions

PA / 1G
PA / 1F
PF / 3G

PB / 2F
PC / 2G

PE / 4G PG / 3G
PD / 4F
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)
Pipe Welding Positions

PA / 1G PF / 5G PG / 5G

Weld: Flat Weld: Vertical upwards Weld: Vertical Downwards

Pipe: rotated Pipe: Fixed Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Horizontal Axis: Horizontal Axis: Horizontal

45o 45o

PC / 2G
H-LO 45 / 6G J-LO 45 / 6G
Weld: Horizontal Weld: Upwards Weld: Downwards
Pipe: Fixed Pipe: Fixed Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Vertical Axis: Inclined Axis: Inclined
Welding Technology & Inspection (MO-141323)