WELD

TESTING
 DESTRUCTIVE
AND
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
 These can be
divided into two
parts,
 Tests capable of
being performed in
the workshop.
 Laboratory tests.
 microscopic-
macroscopic ,
chemical and
corrosive.
 REASONS

 Defects occur during welding which

affect the quality and hardness of the
plate
 Other defects occur through lack of
knowledge of and skill of the welder
 For the training of welders
 WORKSHOP TESTS

TENSILE BENDING

IMPACT HARDNES

FATIGUE CRACKING
 TENSILE

Material is sectioned and

edges rounded of to
prevent cracking.
Punch marks are made to
see elongation.
TENSILE
 BEND TESTING
 Shows
Physical condition of the weld
Determine welds efficiency
• Tensile strength
• Ductility
• Fusion and penetration
 BEND TEST
O
 Bend through 180
 the specimen should be a minimum of 30mm wide
 The fulcrums diameter is 3x thickness of the plate
 The bottom rollers have a distance of the diameter of
the former + 2.2 times the thickness of the plate
 Upper and lower surfaces ground or filed flat and
edges rounded off.
 the tests should be one against the root -another
against the face ,and in some cases a side bend.
Root bend
FACE BEND
 IMPACT
 CHARPY AND IZOD
 Gives the toughness and shock loading of the
material and weld at varying temperatures
with a notch such as under cut
 The measurement is the energy required to
to break a specimen with a given notch
 2mm depth at a 45obevel or a “U” notch.
TEST MACHINE
CHARPY
IZOD
ANY QUESTIONS
 HARDNESS TESTS.
 This gives the metals ability to show
resistance to indentation which show it’s
resistance to wear and abrasion.
 The tests are
 Brinell
 Rockwell
 Vickers diamond pyramid
 Scleroscope
VICKERS HARDNES
 FATIGUE

 the testing of Material that is subject to fluctuating

loads
 HAIGH Electro magnetic tester.
 W’O’HLER Uses rotating chuck with weight
 CRACKING
 REEVES Test study the hardening and cracking
of welds.
 The compatibility of electrodes for the metal being
joined.
CRACKING
 Three Sides Are
Welded With Known
Compatible
Electrodes.
 The front edge is
welded with the test
electrode.
 if incompatible it will
crack.
 MICROSCOPIC

 Used to determine the

actual structure of the
weld and parent metal
 Up to 50,000 times
magnification with an
electron beam
microscope
 Polishing must be of a
very high standard
MACROSCOPIC

 Examined using a
magnifying glass .
 magnification from 2
to 20 time.
 it will show up slag
entrapment or cracks .
 polishing not as high
as micro.
 ETCHING REAGENTS
 These are acids used to show up different
structures in metals
 For steels the most common is “1-2 % nitric
acid in distilled water or alcohol.
 Aluminum uses a solution of 10-20%caustic
soda in water
HAVE YOU
ANY
QUESTIONS
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING
 VISUAL
 While welding  After welding

Under cut

The rate the electrode 
Lack of root fusion
melts 
Any pin holes from gas

The way the weld or slag
metal flows 
Amount of spatter

Sound of the arc 
Dimensions of weld

The light given of
 DYE PENETRANTS
 These are an aid to visual inspection

 Will only find surface defects

 Use correct type

DYE PENETRANTS
 DYE PENETRANTS
 Types

Red

Flouresant

 CAUTION

Oil based

Water washable
DETECTION
 MAGNETIC PARTICLE
 Mainly for surface
defects
 Some sub surface
defects can be found
 Only ferrous metal
 ACOUSTICS

Striking with a rounded

object

Ringing tone if no defect

Tone changes when

object is cracked
APPLICATION OF A LOAD
 Used to test pressure vessels
 Pipe lines
 The item for testing is filled with water or
oil it is then pressurised using a pump
 A safety valve is set 1.5 to 2 times below
the working pressure.
PRESSURE TEST
RADIOGRAPHIC
X-RAY
GAMMA RAY
Electro magnetic
radiation of short
duration
Both of these methods
are a danger to health
X- RAY
X-RAY VIEWER
Pictures taken are
viewed as negatives
will only give flat image
not in three
dimensional
darkened area must be
used for viewing
 ULTRASONIC TESTING
This uses high pitched
sound
The sound will not pass
through an air gap so
bounces back and is
picked up on a receiver
The reader is a
oscilloscope
ULTRA SONIC
THIS IS THE END OF THE

LESSON

 ARE THERE ANY

QUESTIONS