Today and Tomorrow of Water

Resources of Orissa
- Fronting The Upcoming Challenges

Er. Ashutosh Dash

1987 (Civil)
 WATER
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTINUUM
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
1. WATER QUANTITY
LAND
MASS
2. WATER QUALITY

3. WATER DISTRIBUTION

4. MOVEMENT OF WATER
FLORA AND
FAUNA AIR
5. OCCURANCE OF WATER

ALL THESE CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER ARE GETTING AFFECTED BY

THE OTHER COMPONENTS, THUS MAKING WATER A VULNERABLE
RESOURCE.
POPULATION VS. SURFACE WATER
POPULATION SURFACE RUNOFF GENERATION
POPULATION_INDIA REST OF WORLD
SURFACE RUNOFF _INDIA REST OF WORLD

4%
16%

84% 96%
Water is critical, but often
overlooked, element in
sustainable development.
Globally 2 billion people have no
access to electricity, while around 1.1
billion people lack access to safe
drinking water.

Water Resources Department

 Orissa vs. India
Description India  Orissa

Annual Precipitation (BCM) 4000 230.76

Average Annual Water Resources  1869 141.408*

Utilizable Water Resources (Surface & 1122 108.147

Ground) 

Utilizable Resources (% of precipitation) 28% 47%

 SURFACE WATER OF ORISSA

average annual availability of surface

water
ALL
UNITS IN
own drainage boundary
37.56
BCM
from neighboring states

82.84
 Orissa
STATE’S WATER RESOURCES
 Rainfall is the main source of water
 Annual availability
 Surface water 120.40 BCM
 Ground water 21.01 BCM
Total 141.41 BCM
 Water availability estimated to be reduced to 129.12 BCM by 2051
Utilizable water resources
 Surface water 95.54 BCM
Ground water 12.61 BCM
Total 108.15 BCM
Present water requirement - 54.99 BCM
 Water requirement by 2051 – 84.46 BCM
 Storage Facility developed – 17.00 BCM
 Present per capita water availability 3359 cum which will be reduced
to 2218 cum by 2051
 Assessment of surface water inflow in 2001 & 2051
Average Annual flow  75% dependable flow 
(BCM) (BCM)
Outside Outside
Basin Name Own State Total Own State Total
Assessed Inflow of Surface Water Scenario: 2001
Mahanadi 29.9 29.255 59.155 25.508 23.225 48.732
Brahmani 11.391 7.186 18.577 8.849 5.521 14.011
Baitarani 7.568 - 7.568 5.434 - 5.434
Rushikulya 3.949 - 3.949 2.782 - 2.782
Vamsadhara
5.083 - 5.083 3.881 - 3.881
Budhabalanga
3.111 - 3.111 2.521 - 2.521
Kolab 11.089 - 11.089 8.885 - 8.885
Indravati 6.265 - 6.265 4.451 - 4.451
Bahuda 0.438 - 0.438 0.213 - 0.213
Nagavali 2.853 - 2.853 2.322 - 2.322
Subernarekha
1.193 1.115 2.308 1.193 1.115 2.308
Total  82.84 37.56 120.4 65.68 29.86 95.54
 Assessment of surface water inflow in 2001 & 2051
Average Annual flow  75% dependable flow 
(BCM) (BCM)
Outside Outside
Basin Name Own State Total Own State Total
Assessed Inflow of Surface Water (Future Scenario: 2051)
Mahanadi 29.9 21.039 50.939 25.508 16.702 42.21
Brahmani 11.391 3.118 14.509 8.849 2.395 10.884
Baitarani 7.568 - 7.568 5.434 - 5.434
Rushikulya 3.949 - 3.949 2.782 - 2.782
Vamsadhara 5.083 - 5.083 3.881 - 3.881
Budhabalanga 3.111 - 3.111 2.521 - 2.521
Kolab 11.089 - 11.089 8.885 - 8.885
Indravati 6.265 - 6.265 4.451 - 4.451
Bahuda 0.438 - 0.438 0.213 - 0.213
Nagavali 2.853 - 2.853 2.322 - 2.322
Subernarekha 1.193 1.115 2.308 1.193 1.115 2.308
Total  82.841 25.272 108.113 65.679 20.212 85.891
 reduction
arani and
Mahanadi
reduction
but
9%)
75%
aarani
succumb
Mahanadi
minimum
but
able75%
minimum
(15%)
9%)
and
toflow
a succumb
eduction
by to
sable
s(15%)
10%
eduction
by 10%
the
the
flow
FACTS REVEALED BY THESE TABLES
FACT GIVING SOLACE IS THAT ……..

Even after reduction, the inflow availability in 2051 should be around 86 Billion

●
 water demands from various sectors
Uses
Year – 2001 Year – 2051
Surface Ground Total Surface Ground Total

Domestic 0.798 1.198 1.996 1.202 1.803 3.005

Agriculture 18.00 4.688 22.688 40.00 9.408 49.408

Industry 0.606 0.100 0.706 1.750 0.20 1.950

Environment 21.00 8.40 29.40 21.00 8.40 29.40

Others 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40

Total 40.504 14.486 54.99 64.152 20.01 84.463

 Demand vs. inflow availability in the present
as well as future context
As on today, Orissa is a surplus state as far as gross
availability of inflow is concerned.

But it is going to be the most precious resource during

2051, where the availability just matches the demand.

All the inflow obtained from water balance cannot be

utilized to meet various demands unless it is available
temporally or by means of artificial storage. But the
reservoirs we have in Orissa with dependable storage to
meet multi sectoral demand are too few.
TOTAL LARGE DAMS IN THE WORLD

45000 DAMS
TOTAL LARGE DAMS IN

CHINA 45%
USA 14%
INDIA 10%
 INDIA

Stands 3rd in the world

for maximum no of
large dams
i.e.4636 large dams
STATE WISE-DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE DAMS
(Existing & Ongoing)

1854
 Present Storage Capacity through Reservoirs

A storage capacity of 17.00 BCM has so far been

developed through completed major, medium
and minor(flow) projects.
 Besides, the projects under construction will
contribute to an additional 1.47 BCM.

Most part of the inflow manipulation for meeting the demands is

being done through diversion structures, which suffer from no-
storage. These diversion structures have served well for providing
irrigation during kharif but fail to meet the round-the- year water
demand sectors such as industry and domestic needs.
MULTI SECTORAL WATER DEMANDS OF ORISSA

Domestic and Municipal supplies

Surface water needs for Irrigation

Water needs for hydro power generation

Industrial water requirement

Environmental and ecological needs

Water withdrawals
 DOMESTIC DEMAND OF ORISSA FROM VARIOUS BASINS
350 8
9 .4
30

300

Present Future
250

200
9
4 .4
1 5
DEMAND IN MCUM

150

111.51 5
.0
90
100

4
.7
63 .6
8
19 76
50
3 3.
35.18 4
15.94 .2
13 36.13 .7
6 5
13 .5
0 4.13 22.94 5.
5 35
8.45 68 1
i 0. 30.62
ad i
n an i 0.59 21.7
ah
a r an al
i 1.67
ita hm av
b Future
M Ba a g la lya
Br Na Ko u ati
ik av da a Present
sh dr ah
u r
ga
R u In B dha n a
a l a kh
a ns ba r e
V a na
udh be
r
B Su
 100

%ge of GCA under different crops in Orissa 1970-71 1980-81

90

1990-91 1995-96
80

2000-01 2006-07
70
%ge of Gross Command Area

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Paddy Total cereal Total Pulses Total food Total oil seeds Total fibres Other crops
grains
 CONCERNS IN IRRIGATION SECTOR
• total cereal coverage has witnessed highest growth within
the last 35 years.
• The cropping pattern is at present paddy dominated
• As paddy and most of the cereals are highly water intensive,
increase in irrigation results in over flooding and causes
salinity and loss of agricultural land.
• Fulfillment of the commitment of 35% irrigation to all blocks
will remain an unmet challenge, unless a relook is given to thi
crpping pattern. Surface water can not meet this huge
demand.
le of overuse
water we can
Command and
has drunk in
40 years.
 Increase in Kharif Area and Corresponding Irrigation Release in Hirakud
Command

Khariff area (Ha) brought under irrigation

180000
160000
140000
Area(Kharif) in Ha.

120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Years from 1960

Increasing trend of Khariff Irrigation

1400

1200

1000
Kharif rel. in Mcum

800

600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Years starting from 1958
 Increase in Rabi Area and Corresponding Irrigation Release in Hirakud
Command
Rabi area (Ha) brought under irrigation
140000
120000
Area(Rabi) in Ha.

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Years from 1960

Increasing trend of Rabi Irrigation

1800
1600
1400
Rabi Rel. in Mcum

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Years starting from 1958
 Increase in Annual Area and Corresponding Irrigation Release in Hirakud
Command

300000
Annual area(Ha) under Irrigtion in Hirakud Command
Area(Rabi) in Ha.

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Years from 1960

Increasing trend of Annual Irrigation

3000

2500
Irr. Rel. in Mcum

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Years starting from 1958

 Industrial water requirement of Orissa
• Water is the elixir for industries
• Industry is the key to development.
• Development accelerates development

GOVERNMENT VIEWPOINT

majority of industries are dependent on Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers

Government has also started apprehending about shortage of water
particularly during lean periods in these two major interstate rivers
These two upstream States are also going to draw water for proposed
industries in their respective States besides construction of dams and
reservoirs on the tributaries.
Further, the inflow of water from Chhatisgarh to Hirakud reservoir is
already less than originally planned.
 Inflow dependability of Hirakud over Time

0.69
90%_NonMonsoon
1.56

11.6
90%_Monsoon
12.38

1.34
75%_NonMonsoon
1.98
1959-1981
1982-2006
16.17
75%_Monsoon
16.47

2.75
Av_NonMonsoon
3.6

25.55
Av_Monsoon
21.72

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Dependable Inflow in MAF

 STATUS OF WATER ALLOCATION IN ORISSA AS ON 13.7.09
Status of Basin wise water allocation to various industries on Aug-2009
Allocated Present drawal Under Process
Nos of Quantity
Name
Sl.No Applicatio applied in No of Quantity No of Quantity No of Quantity
Of Basin
ns cusecs Industry in cusecs Industry in cusecs Industry in cusecs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Mahanadi 98 2381.44 50 894.68 31 86.271 48 1486.77

2 Baitarani 46 487.29 10 28.79 8 7.292 36 458.50
3 Brahmani 79 1607.75 48 628.00 26 199.57 31 979.75
4 Nagavali 4 12.79 4 12.79 3 2.38 0 0.00
5 Kolab 5 68.96 4 27.75 4 36.07 1 41.21
6 Rushikulya 6 16.37 4 10.74 4 10.74 2 5.63
7 Indravati 1 9.15 0 0.00 0 0 1 9.15
8 Bahuda 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0.00
9 Vansadhara 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0.00
Budhabalan
10 2 10.92 1 5.52 0 0 1 5.40
ga
Subernarekh
11 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0.00
a

TOTAL 241 4594.67 121 1608.264 76 342.323 120 2986.41

( cusecs)

TOTAL   4103   1436   306   2667

( Mcum)
FROM WHERE
CAN WE MEET
THIS ULTIMATE
DEMAND .......

average availability of 77000 Mm3 of water

almost 25000 Mm3 of water is currently utilized for all activities, such as,
agriculture, domestic and industrial needs and allied activities.

 It has been estimated that around 66000 Mm3 of water can be utilized on the
average,

of course
The
The present
present
industrial
industrial
use,
use, which
which is
is
dependent
upon creation
in the
in the order
order
of 500
of 500 Mm
Mm33

Present

STORAGE
Present
demand
demand
status as
status as per
per
the
the

of adequate
applications
applications
received
received is of
is

REQT.
of
4100 Mm
4100 Mm33

ultimate need
ultimate need
of the
of the
industries in
industries in

storage in
Orissa is in the
Orissa is in the
order of 5000
order of 5000
Mm33 of water
Mm of water
per annum
per annum

each river
basin.