VARIOUS ELEMENTS

THAT MAYBE EXPOSED

TO HAZARDS
 ELEMENTS
 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

 SOCIAL HAZARD

 ECONOMIC HAZARD
 Environmental Hazards;
 An environmental hazard is a substance, a state
or an event which has the potential to threaten
the surrounding natural environment / or
adversely affect people's health, including
pollution and natural disasters such as storms
and earthquakes.
4 types of environmental hazard

1. Physical Hazard
 involve environmental hazards that can cause harm
with or without contact. Examples are earthquakes,
electromagnetic fields, floods, light pollution, noise
pollution, vibration, x-rays etc. Radioactivity is
associated with an exposure dependent risk of
some cancers notably leukemia.
Earth Quake Floods

Drought Lightning
2. Chemical Hazards
 is a type of occupational hazard caused by
exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure
to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or
long-term detrimental health effects.

Example:
1. Toxic Waste
2 Pesticide
3. Soil contamination
 Toxic Waste
 is any unwanted material in all forms that can
cause harm (e.g. by being inhaled, swallowed,
or absorbed through the skin).
 Pesticide
 are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.
 Soil contamination
 or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused
by the presence of xenobiotics (human-made)
chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil
environment. It is typically caused by industrial
activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal
of waste. The most common chemicals involved
are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene
and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and
other heavy metals.
 3. Biological Hazard
 also known as biohazards, refer to biological
substances that pose a threat to the health of living
organisms, primarily that of humans. This can include
medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or
toxin (from a biological source) that can affect human
health.

Examples:
1. Allergies
2. Food poisoning
3. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
 Allergies

 also known as allergic diseases, are a number

of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of
the immune system to typically harmless
substances in the environment.
 Foodborne illness
 also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to
as food poisoning,  is any illness resulting from the
spoilage of contaminated
food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that
contaminate food, as well as toxins such as poisonous
mushrooms and various species of beans that have not
been boiled for at least 10 minutes.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

 is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin
caused by the SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV).
 4. Psychosocial Hazards
  include but aren't limited to stress, violence, and
other workplace stressors. Work is generally beneficial to
mental health and personal wellbeing. It provides people
with structure and purpose and a sense of identity.
 SOCIAL HAZARD
 also called complex emergencies, seriously limit a
population's access to health services, water, food, and
transportation, all of which are determinants of health.
They also often lead to a lack of safety and tend to come
hand in hand with natural disasters such as floods.

Example:
1. Smoking
2. Lack of exercise
3. Eating Fatty foods
Smoking
  is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains
nicotine, which is highly addictive. Like heroin or other
addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so
used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to
have it just to feel normal. People start smoking for a
variety of different reasons.
Lack of Exercise
 Lack of physical activity can add to feelings of anxiety
and depression. Physical inactivity may increase the
risk of certain cancers. Physically active overweight or
obese people significantly reduced their risk for disease
with regular physical activity.
Eating Fatty Foods
 ECONOMIC HAZARD
 In economics, moral hazard occurs when someone
increases their exposure to risk when insured,
especially when a person takes more risks because
someone else bears the cost of those risks.
 Moral Hazard is the concept that individuals have
incentives to alter their behavior when their risk or
bad-decision making is borne by others.