BUSINESS ETHICS

WEISS, JOSEPH W: Business Ethics is the art and

dicipline of applying ethical principle to examine
and solve complex moral dilemmas. Business
Ethics asks : What is right and wrong ? Good and
Bad ? in business transactions.
NASH, LAURA: Business Ethics is the study of
how personal moral norms apply to the activities
and goals of commercial enterprises.
Business Ethics deals with three basic areas of
managerial decision making:
 1. Choices about what the law should be an
wether to follow it
2. Choices about economic and social issues
outside the law’s domain
3. Choices about the priority of one’s
self-interest over the company’s
 Shaw, William H & Barry Vincent: Ethics deals with:
1. Individual caracter
2. Moral rules that governs and limit our
conduct. It investegates questions of moral right and
wrong, duty and obligation, and moral
responsibility
Business Ethics is the study of what constitutes
right and wrong, good and bad of human
conduct in a business context

Moral standards concern behavior that has

serious consequences for human well-being.
Their soundness depends on the adequacy of the
reasons that support or justify them

Morality is not necessarily based on religion.

Although we draw our moral beliefs from many
sources, for philosophers the issues is wether
those beliefs can be justified
 PRAKTIK INTERNASIONAL
 Dari 300 perusahaan, lebih dari 80% CEO dan
manajer senior menyatakan( Baumann 1987) :
Employee conflicts of interest 91%
Inappropriate Gifts 91%
Sexual Harassment 91%
Unauthorized Payments 85%
Affirmative Action 84%
 Survey Wall Street Journal (1990) dari 1.400
pekerja wanita melaporkan:

1. Managers lying to employees

2. Expense-account abuses to high levels
3. Office Nepotism and Favoritism
4. Taking Credit for Others’ work

Dari studi yang sama dilaporkan bahwa

perilaku paling tidak etis terjadi di area:
Government 66%
Sales 51%
Law 40%
Media 38%
Finance 33%
Medicine 21%
Banking 18%
Manufacturing 14%
 KEBIASAAN UNETHICAL
( GORDON 1990)
1. Receiving and Offering Kickbacks
2. Stealing from the company
3. Firing an employee for whistle-blowing
4. Padding expenses accounts to obtain reimbursement
for questionable busines expenses
5. Devulging confidential info & trade secrets
6. Terminating employment without giving sufficient
notice
7. Using company property and materials for personal
use
Pemicu utamanya : CONFLICT OF INTEREST
 MENGAPA BUSINESS ETHICS ?
Business Ethics dibutuhkan karena 3 alasan :
1. The Argument of Scandal yang dipicu oleh
The Myth of Amoral Business: “ The
meaning of Business is Business” dan tidak
berdayanya hukum karena:
a. Hukum selalu ketinggalan dari praktik
b. Hukum selalu mengandung loopholes
c. Legal tidak selalu Ethical
Hukum tidak mampu memaksa pelaku
bisnis agar berperilaku etis
 The Argument of Economization yang
mengedepankan ekonomi sebagai
panglima penciptaan kesejahteraan
manusia. Pembangunan di bidang hukum
dan pendidikan diabaikan
 The Argument of Challenges: bahwa ke
depan bisnis penuh dengan tantangan berat
berupa kesadaran konsumen & karyawan
terhadap hak-haknya, kelestarian
lingkungan, kejujuran , fairness dan CSR
 LEVEL PELAKSANAAN
ETIKA BISNIS
1. Micro: berdasarkan norma individu yang
terbentuk melalui pendidikan keluarga
dan sekolah serta masyarakat
2. Meso: berdasarkan norma kolektif yang
terbentuk dalam organisasi melalui
penciptaan Corporate Culture
3. Macro: yang merupakan General
Obligation pada level negara bangsa
 PRINSIP PENERAPAN
ETIKA BISNIS
1. When in Rome “ When we are in Rome
we should behave as Romans do”
Kebaikan: respect to local culture.
Kelemahan: Ethical relativism
2. The Righteous American: menggunakan
Standar norma Amerika. Kebaikan:
Consistent. Kelemahan: Ethical
Imperialism
3. No Ethical Standard. Kelemahan :
Ethical Scepticism
PRAKTIK DIBERBAGAI NEGARA
JEPANG NEGARA AMERIKA
DI EROPA SERIKAT
MICRO X
X
X

MESO
X X X

MACRO
X
X X
 MANFAAT DAN CAKUPAN
ETIKA BISNIS
 Manfaat: diharapkan mampu memperbaiki
kualitas pengambilan keputusan dan
pelaksanaan manajemen
 Cakupan:
1. Perlindungan Lingkungan
2. Marketing, Truth and Advertising
3. Akuntansi dan Keuangan
4. Kepegawaian
5. Trade Secret & Insider Trading
6. Whistle Blowing
7. Diskriminasi dan Affirmative Action