GLASS IONOMER CEMENT

Objectives

 Describe glass ionomer cements.

 Categorize glass ionomer cements.
 Discuss the setting reactions.
 Discuss the role of water.
 Discuss the release of F and recharging
of the same.
 Discuss their applications in clinical
practice.
 Outline

• Definition
• Components
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Types
• Setting Reaction
• Role of Water
• Role of Fluoride Ions
• Clinical Uses
 Definition

A basic glass and an acidic polymer which

sets by an acid- base reaction between
these components.

JW McLean, LW Nicholson, AD Wilson (1994)

 Favorable Properties
• LCTE similar to tooth structure
• Anticaries effect thru F release
• Potential adhesion to tooth structure
• Biocompatibility
 Components

Powder
• Calcium Fluoroaluminosilicate Glass
SiO2 30.1%
Al2O3 19.9%
AlF3 2.6%
CaF2 34.5%
NaF 3.7%
AlPO4 10.0%
Liquid
• Copolymer of Polyacrylic Acid
 Types of GIC

Based on chemical composition

1. Glass-ionomer cement
• Glass polyalkenoates
• Glass polyphosphonates

2. Glass-ionomer hybrid materials

• Resin modified glass-ionomer
 Types of GIC

Based on types of cure :

1. Autocure :
• Chemical cure – acid-base reaction
2. Dualcure :
• Light initiation followed by acid-base
reaction
3. Tricure :
• Autocure resin reaction in remaining
uncured resin
 Types of GIC

According to clinical use

Type I - Luting
Type II - Restorative
Type III - Fast setting Liner/ Base
Type IV - Pit & Fissure Sealant
Type V - Luting for Orthodontic Purpose
Type VI - Core build up material
Type VII - High fluoride releasing GIC
Type VIII - GIC for ART
Type IX - Geriatric & Pediatric GIC
Advantages of Conventional GIC

 tooth colored
 adheres chemically to the tooth
 LCTE = tooth structure
 medium/high F release
 “rechargeable” (0.2% nafl)
 biocompatible
Disadvantages of Conventional
GIC
 technique sensitive
 short working time
 delayed setting
 poor polish
 moisture sensitivity
 average esthetics
 poor physical properties
 no stress bearing areas
 Setting Reaction

Decomposition Gelation Maturation

Migration Post Set

Hardening
 PAA in H2O

Ca H2O
SiO2 Si+4
Na Glass Core Al +2
+3

Ca
Al2O3 Na+
F F-

PAA

Residual Glass Particle Polyacrylate Hydrogel

1. Decomposition

 acid attacks glass powder releasing

Ca+++, Al+++, F-
2. Migration

 acid penetrates disorganized glass;

 reacts first with Ca++ and Na++ to
form cross-linked chains that form a
polysalt
 at this stage the cement is shiny and
glossy
3. Gelation

 it forms a silica gel

 cement is very sensitive to water
 cement becomes viscous and
opaque
4. Post set hardening

 Al+++ becomes the dominant

component
 precipitation of Al salts continues for
over 24 hrs
5. Maturation

 setting reaction continues for about

a year
 first few days – transparency
continually increases
 increase in strength and hardness
due to increase in cross-linking
 Role of Water

 initially serves as reaction medium

 slowly hydrates the cross-linked matrix
 increases the material’s strength
 provides greater resistance to
dessication
 improves translucency
 Role of Water

 Excess moisture
• increase opacity
• decrease strength and hardness

 Dessication
• crazing and cracking
 Role of Water

 saliva/moisture will wash out metallic

ions from immature cement

 cover freshly placed conventional gic

with a layer of resin-bonding agent or
varnish
Materials for Surface Protection

Dentin Bonding Agents Dental Varnish.

Petroleum Jelly Cocoa Butter

 Role of Fluoride Ion

 integral part of the matrix formation

 it is released without altering overall
cement structure
 first 24 hours = amount released is high
(10 ppm)
 decreases over next 3-4 days up to 100
months (1-3 ppm)
 Role of Fluoride Ion

 provides caries inhibition along the

margins
 within 1-2 weeks – amount released is
stabilized
 equilibrium of F between tooth and GIC
is established
 Clinical Uses

Luting Cement Liner / Base

 Clinical Uses

Restoration Sandwich Restoration

 Clinical Uses

Pit & Fissure Sealant Root Caries/

Cervical Restoration
 Clinical Uses

Tunnel Restoration Core / Foundation

 Clinical Uses

Temporary, or Orthodontic
ART Restoration Luting Cement
 Summary

 What they are

 Types
 Setting reactions
 Role of water
 Release of F and recharging
 Applications
Thank you for listening