Pakistan and SDGs

MDGs Impact

• The adoption of the MDGs has catalyzed a major thrust towards the
improvement of services.
A Taxonomy of Goals

Physical
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Centered
Human Social
Development Infrastructure
Non-
Infrastructure
Sustainable Economic
Development Growth

Environment
The Turn to Quality

  MDG 7, Target 10, SDG 6, Target 6.1,

Indicator 30 Indicator 6.1.1
Target Halve, by 2015, the By 2030, achieve
proportion of people universal and equitable
without sustainable access to safe and
access to safe drinking affordable drinking
water water for all

Indicator Proportion of Percentage of

population with population using safely
sustainable access to an managed drinking water
improved water source services
Reasons for Quality Gaps

• Monitoring: progress cannot be measured without attention to the qualitative dimension.

The current service delivery systems lack the capacity to define and measure quality.
• Technical Skills: While the operation of basic infrastructure services can be handled by less-
trained or lower-educated staff, the quality-relevant components need to be handled by
better trained and educated personnel.
• Management: management systems designed for simpler operations find it difficult to adapt
themselves to higher level targets and goals.
• Cost Recovery: most service institutions are not equipped to recover the cost of their
operations from users; the result is an exclusive reliance on government budgets, and in lean
times, the discontinuation of quality-relevant services.
• Networking: High quality institutions possess a higher capacity for mobilizing support from
other entities at affordable cost: other government agencies, other segments of a stratified
industry (e.g., other tiers of the health system, primary, secondary, tertiary), universities and
research institutions, and the private sector. In contrast, simpler institutions are far more
reliant on internal resources, often to the detriment of the quality of their programs.
• Research: The quality of services depends on a continuous loop of information collection,
research and analysis, and adaptation of methods, policies, practices, procedures, and
investment to cater to changing situations.
The Four Barriers

• Psychological: The belief that they do not have the capacity to solve their
problems themselves. This can also be seen as a kind of fatalism that accepts
misery as divine-ordained. Dr. Khan advocated a program of social mobilization to
create awareness both of the problems and of the community's capacity to
address them.
• Infrastructural/Technological: Poor communities do not have the necessary
infrastructure for the delivery of services. The solution was to develop or harness
infrastructure and technology for the community's needs.
• Political/ Managerial: Poor communities lack the managerial capacity to manage
public activities efficiently, as well as the political capacity to harness publicly
available resources while protecting their own common resources from
exploitation or hijacking. This challenge required capacity building investment.
• Economic: Finally, the poor communities lacked both the economic capacity to
afford municipal services, and the political capacity to obtain subsidies from the
public exchequer. The solution was, on the one hand to lower the cost of
services, and on the other hand to enhance their ability to pay.
 Social Capital

Physical
Human Capital
Capital

Financial Capital
Financial Capital

Physical
Capital

Human Capital