GEOMETRY

the word “GEOMETRY”

the word geometry derives from the Greek language

geo (earth) & and metron (measure)

In General terms the branch of mathematics

concerned with the properties of space, including
points, lines, curves, planes and surfaces in space,
and figures bounded by them.
SACRED GEOMETRY

From
geo (earth) & metron (measure)
To
Egyptian Rope Stretcher system
SACRED GEOMETRY

"Let no one destitute of

geometry enter my doors."

Plato (c. 427 - 347 B.C.E.)

 SACRED GEOMETRY

Geometry is the blueprint of Creation and the genesis of all form.

It is an ancient science that explores and explains the energy

patterns that create and unify all things and reveals the precise
way that the energy of Creation organizes itself.

On every scale, every natural pattern of growth or movement

conforms unavoidably to one or more geometric shapes.
SACRED GEOMETRY

The synchronicity of the universe is determined by certain

mathematical constants which express themselves in the form of
'patterns' and 'cycles' in nature.
 SACRED GEOMETRY

Vitruvian Man: Leonardo Da Vinci.

One of the fundamental products of this underlying
mathematical structure is the 'sacred mean', a
mathematical constant which is visible across the
spectrum of the natural world.

One of the mathematical products of the

sacred mean is the spiral, commonly
found in nature.
SACRED GEOMETRY

Thus geometry is the science of physical space, the science

of continuous magnitudes, essentially concerned with ratios
and proportions of earth and everything present on it.
SACRED GEOMETRY

The cube and the

sphere are the
sole working tools
of creation“ –

Walter Russell
BASIC GEOMETRY
BASIC GEOMETRY
BASIC GEOMETRY
BASIC GEOMETRY
 PLATONIC GEOMETRY
The Platonic Solids belong to the group of geometric figures called
polyhedra.

A polyhedron is a solid bounded by plane polygons. The polygons are

called faces; they intersect in edges, the points where three or more
edges intersect are called vertices.

A regular polyhedron is one whose faces are identical regular polygons.

Only five regular solids are possible
Tetrahedron, Cube, Octahedron, Icosahedron, Dodecahedron

These have come to be known as the Platonic Solids

PLATONIC SOLIDS

A History of Platonic Solids

• There are five regular polyhedra that were discovered by the

ancient Greeks.

The Pythagoreans knew of the tetrahedron, the cube, and the

dodecahedron;

the mathematician Plato’s Theaetetus added the octahedron

and the icosahedron.
PLATONIC SOLIDS
PLATONIC SOLIDS
 EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

•Euclidean Geometry deals with points, lines and planes and

how they interact to make more complex figures.
 EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

•Euclidean Geometry is the modern day geometry which we use

every day.
 PLATO, PYTHAGOREAN, SOCRATES &
•EUCLID
Socrates (469-399 BCE)
– Left no writings, but served as an informal teacher and mentor to Plato.
• Plato (427-347)
– wrote dialogues, of which about 3 dozen survive.
– Many of these feature a character named after and based on Socrates.
– Plato founded a school known as the Academy.
• Aristotle (384-322)
– came to Athens in 367 from (northern Greece) to study with Plato.
– Some years after Plato’s death, A. founded his own school in Athens,
the Lyceum.
– Aristotle wrote essays on an even wider variety of topics than Plato,
including physics, biology, logic, psychology, ethics, and more.
• Euclid (300-265)
– A Greek mathematician, often referred to as the “Father of Modern
Geometry”.
Constructing geometric shapes
• Circle
• Triangle
• Square
• Rectangle
• Parallelogram
• Pentagon
• Hexagon
• Octagon
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
 Equilateral triangle
•Start with the line segment AB which is the length of the sides of the
desired equilateral triangle
• Pick a point P that will be one vertex of the finished triangle.
•Place the point of the compasses on the point A and set its drawing
end to point B. The compasses are now set to the length of the sides
of the finished triangle. Do not change it from now on.
•With the compasses' point on P, make two arcs, each roughly where
the other two vertices of the triangle will be.
•On one of the arcs, mark a point Q that will be a second vertex of
the triangle. It does not matter which arc you pick, or where on the
arc you draw the point.
• Place the compasses' point on Q and draw an arc that crosses the
other arc, creating point R.
•Draw three lines linking the points P,Q and R.
•Done. The triangle PQR is an equilateral triangle. Its side length is
equal to the distance AB.
http://www.mathopenref.com/printequilateral.html
SQUARE
SQUARE
SQUARE
SQUARE
SQUARE
SQUARE
Square
• We start with a given line segment AB> This will become one side
of the square.
• Constructing the perpendicular at a point on a line
• Set the compasses on A and set its width to AB. This width will be
held unchanged as we create the square's other three sides.
• Draw an arc above point A.
• Without changing the width, move the compasses to point B. Draw
an arc across BH creating point C - a vertex of the square.
• Without changing the width, move the compasses to C. Draw an
arc to the left of C across the exiting arc, creating point D - a
vertex of the square.
• Draw the lines CD and AD
• Done. ABCD is a square where each side has a length AB
• http://www.mathopenref.com/printsquare.html
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
PENTAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
HEXAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
OCTAGON
Polygon (square, pentagon, hexagon etc)
•We start with a given line segment AB> This will become one
side of the polygon.
•Draw a perpendicular line at A
•Bisect the line with the compass drawing a perpendicular
•Draw an line at 45 degree angle from point B till it bisects the
perpendicular (point C) and it intersects the bisector at point
4.
•Draw an arch using the compass with center A such that
radius of arch is AB=AC. This arch will intersect the bisector at
point 6
•Bisect the line segment between point 4 and 6 to get point 5.
___________________________________________________________
•Each numbered point is the center for the subscribed circle
for a polygon of said number sides. E.g point 4 for square,
point 5 for pentagon ,point 6 for hexagon and so on.
_____________________________________________________________
•Draw a circle taking 5 as center (for pentagon) with radius
A5=B5
•Measure AB with compass and mark arcs on the circle .