FACE BOW

V. Deepalakshmi
MDS 1st year
INTRODUCTION
 FACE BOW
• It is a camper like device
that is used to record the
relationship of the jaws to
the temporomandibular
joint or the opening axis of
the jaws and to orient the
cast in the same
relationship to the opening
axis of the articulate.
 Parts of face bow
• U-shaped frame
• Consular rods or earpiece
• Note form
• Locking device
• Third reference point
U shaped frame
 U shaped frame
• It forms the main frame of the Face bow
• All other components are attached to it
• It extends from the region of TMJ on one side
to the other side without connecting the Face.
 Condylar rod
• Two small metallic rods on either side of the u
shaped frame that contact the skin over the
TMJ
• They are used to locate the hinge axis and
transfer It to the articulate
• Some Face bow have earpiece that fit into the
external auditory meats instead of condylar
rods.
•
Bite fork
U shaped plate which is attached to the
occLusal rims,while recording the
orientation relation.
• It is attached to the frame with the help of
the rod called the stem
 Edentulous bite fork

Partially edentulous bite fork

 Third reference point

It is used to orient the Face bow assembly to

the Anatomical reference point on the face
Along with the two codylar reference points
It varies in different Face bow for example
Orbital pointer-Orbital,nasal pointer-nasion
 Orbital pointer
• It present only in the arbitrary facebow
• It makes the anterior reference point
• It can be locked in position by locking device
 Anterior reference point

• Orbital
• Orbital minus 7mm
• Nasion minus 23mm
• Ala of nose
• Denar-43mm above the incisal edge oF the
right central incisor
 Orbitale

• Located by hanau face bow using orbital

pointer
• Lowest point on the infra orbital rim
palates through tissue and skin
Orbital minus 7mm
 Nasion minus 23mm

• Sicher-nasion is located in the

head As the deepest part of
the mid line depression Just
below the level of the eyebrow
• Nasion guide is designed to be
used with whipmix
articulator ,which fits in the
depresaion
 Ala of the nose

• The tentative occlusal plane should

be parallel to the horizontal plane
• This can be achieved in two ways
• The line From the centre of the nose
To center of the auditory meatus –
campers line
1.Pointer on ama
2.occlusal rim parallel to Camper
line,transfer with facebow
 Denar facebow

• Anterior reference point is 43mm above

the incisal edge of the right central or
lateral incisor
 posterior reference point

1.Beyron’s point-13mm anterior

to the posterior margin of
tragus Of outer canthus of eye
2.Gysi-13mm anterior to the
Anterior margine of external
auditory meats
3.Snow-11-13mm anterior to
the tragus
4.Denar-12mm anterior to the
posterior border of tragus And
5mm inferior To the line from
external auditory meats And
outer canthus
 Ear piece Type

• Posterior reference point-EAM

• Anterior reference point-orbitale
• Disadvantages
• Regardless of which arbitrary position is
chosen an error of 5mm from the axis can
be expected which can lead to a 0.2 5mm
error at the second molar area
 Fascia type
• In the fascia type the hinge axis is located 13mm
anteroir to external auditory meatus on the vanthi
tragal line-posteroir reference point
• Anterior reference point-Orbitale
• DISADVANTAGES
1.As the facebow is placed on the skin which is
movable there is a tendency for the condylar rods
to displace
2.Requires an assistant to hold the facebow in place.
 Beyron’s point

• It is 13mm frm the tragus

• The condylar axis lies
nearly 13mm anterior to
the posterior margin of
the tragus on a line from
the centre of tragus
extending to the corner
of the eye.
 Bergstrom’s point

• A point 10mm anterior to the

centre of the sperical Insert
for the external auditory
meats And 7 mmbelow the
Frankfort horizontal plane
• Beck –stated that it lies close
to the hinge axis
Locking dIvice
 Classification of facebow
• Arbitary type
1.Fascia type
2.Ear piece type
• Kinematic type
 Arbitrary facebow
• Hinge axis is approximately located
• Commonly used in complete denture
construction
• Locate the true hinge axis within a range of
5mm
• As the located hinge axis is arbitrary,occkusal
discrepancy Produced in the denture should
be corrected by minor occlusal adjustments
during insertion
 Arbitrary facebow
• Fascia type
 Spring bow

• It is an made of earpiece
type facebow
• Made of spring steel
• simply spring open and
close to various head width
• Most commonly used
facebow
• It orient the occlusal plane
to the Frankfort horizontal
 Whipmix facebow
• Earpiece type of facebow
• Automatically locate the hinge axis when ear
piece are inserted in external auditory meatus
• Has a nasion related assembly With a plastic
nose piece
 Twirl bow
• It relates the ancillary arch with the
Frankfort horizontal plane
• Earpiece type of facebow
• Allows the maxillary arch to be transferrd
to the articulator without physically
attaching tge facebow ti the articulator
 Kinematic facebow

• It locates the true

terminal hinge axis
• Difficult To perform
accurately in
edentulous
Situation
• Indicated for
fabrication of FPD
 Whipmix facebow
• Quick mount facebow
• Nansion related assembly Witha plastic nose piec
determines the anterior reference point
 Hinge axis
• It is an imaginary line around which condyle
can rotate without translation
•
 True hinge axis
• When the condyles are in their most superior
position In the articulator fossa And the
mouth is purely rotated
• The axis around which the movement occurs
is called TRUE HIBGE AXIS
• Pure rotation takes place
 True hinge axis
• It is an imaginary line Which passes
horizontally through the rotational centres of
the right and left consular When they are in
the most distal Retruded position In their
respective Glenoid fossa
• The hinge axis locating bow is firmly attached
to the mandible by means of clutch
• The clutch is cemented over the teeth to the
edentulous ridge
• Mandile is manipulated to the centric Relation
 Arbitrary hinge axis
• Most indicated technique in dentistry does
not requir the accuracy of locatong the true
hinge axis
• WEINBERG in a study evaluated the degree of
error Of axis location and Its relationship to
the occlusion of teeth
• He concluded that the transverse hinge axis
location and facebow transfer Within a 5mm
range is practicable and Dependable method
for orienting the maxillary cast
Facebow transfer-Arbitrary Axis for
hanAu facebow
• Seating the patient
• Marking the points for condylar
position
• Attach fork to the occkusal rim
• Place the frame of facebow
• Reading on condylar rod scale are
made equivalent
• Anterior reference point are recorded
• Fork is tightened to the frame
• Facebow is removed and record are
transformed to the articulator
 Facebow transfer-clinical
procedure

• Maxillary occlusal rim

is inserted into the
patient mouth
• A point 13mm from
tragus of the ear on
the canthotragal line is
marked on both sides
Bite Fork is flamed and attached anteriorky to the maxillary occlusal rim
3mm above the incisal plane –parallel to the occlusal plane
Inserted into the pt mouth
U frame is inserted into the stem of the bite
Fork
Condylar rods are unlocked and placed on the
previously marked points
Orbital pointer is set to the third point of
reference
ZeroingMounting
of on the articulator
articulator
1.Horizontal
condylar
inclination at
40°on each side
2.Bennett angles set
at 20°
3. Adjust the incisal
pin to align the
midline marking of
Condylar rods are attached to the auditory pins
The orbital pin is made to coincide with
the orbital axis plane indicator
• The plaster is mixed
and placed on the
cast and the upper
membrane is closed
slowly until the incisal
pin touches the
incisal table
• Face is now remo ed
by loosening all the
locking devices
 The split-cast method

• a The first mention of “split casts” was by

Needles1 in 1923. and reliable means of
obtaining a high degree of accuracy in
articulator mounting and verification of
articulator settings from occlusal records.
Split cast
1.Primary base cast
2.Secondary base cast
first part of the cast
which duplicates the
maxillary teeth, or is the
mounting cast for the
upper denture is
designated the primary
base.
The second part which
is fitted to the primary
base
and is attached
permanently to the
upper member of the
articulator is referred to
as
the secondary base
The combined cast
Preparation of THE primarY base
• The undercuts in the
denture are blocked
out with Moldine.
1.The primary base is
poured in stone in the
cast former. Tempera
(coloring material) was
added to the primary
base cast
2.Then a small notch is cut
in the stone under the
palatal border of the
denture to provide for
 PREPARATION OF THE
SECONDARY BASE
1. Six wedge-shaped notches are made in the
top of the primary cast with the use of a
three-inch stone mounted on a lathe.
2. The cuts are made from the border toward
the center of the cast.
3. Two notches are located toward the outer
edge of the
4. posterior border, two in the first molar
region, and two in the lateral incisor region.
5. These notches are formed by holding the
cast at a 4.5 degree angle to the cutting
1. They should extend through three quarters of the depth of the
2. border, tapering for approximately 2.5 cm. in toward the center of the
top surface of the primary base.
3. A vacuum filter is advisable for removal of the dust while the
4. notches are cut.
5. The upper surface of the cast is coated several times with a plaster
separating
6. medium* before the stone becomes dry .
7. Then, the border of the primary base is wrapped with 3/4 inch plastic
electrical tapet so that approximately 5 mm. of the tape projects above
the top surface of the cast to form a mold for the sec-ondary base
to the secondary base cast
• The trimmed base cast are separated
combined primary and secondary bases fit perfectly. The
primary base cast has
been colored with tempera.
• combined casts are mounted on the
articulator by means of a hinge face-bow
from located hinge axis points.
Thank you