Facial skeleton.

Orbit and
nasal cavity.

Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D.

 Skull

Cerebrocranium= Viscerocranium=
Neurocranium Facial skeleton

• Frontal bone • Nasal bone

• Sphenoid bone • Lacrimal bone
• Temporal bone • Ethmoid bone
• Parietal bone • Maxilla
• Occipital bone • Mandible
• Zygomatic bone
• Vomer
• Palatine bone
• Inferior nasal concha
• Hyoid bone
Viscerocranium=
Facial skeleton

• Nasal bone
• Lacrimal bone
• Ethmoid bone
• Maxilla
• Mandible
• Zygomatic
bone
• Vomer
• Palatine bone
• Inferior nasal
concha
• Hyoid bone
Nasal bone

• internasal septum
• piriform aperture
Lacrimal bone

• posterior lacrimal crest

• lacrimal groove
• nasolacrimal canal
• lacrimal sac
Ethmoid bone:
perpendicularular plate

• crista galli
Ethmoid bone:
cribriform plate

• foramina
cribrosa
Ethmoid bone:
cribriform plate

• ethmoidal air cells

• ethmoidal labyrinth
• orbital (lateral) plate
• superior and
middle nasal
conchae
Ethmoid bone:
cribriform plate

• ethmoid bulla (8)

• uncinate process
• semilunar hiatus
Maxilla:
body

• infraorbital groove
• infraorbital canal
• infraorbital foramen
• infraorbital margin
Maxilla:
body

• canine fossa
Maxilla:
body

• tuber maxillae
• pterygomaxillary
fissure
• maxillary sinus
• maxillary hiatus
Maxilla:
frontal process

• aterior lacrimal crest

• piriform aperture

zygomatic process
Maxilla:
alveolar process

• alveolar arch
• alveolar yokes
• anterior nasal spine
Maxilla:
alveolar process

• dental alveolae
• interalveolar septa
• interradicular septa
Maxilla:
palatine process

• incisive canal
• median palatine suture
• transverse
palatine suture
Maxilla:
palatine process

• nasal crest
 3 4
Mandible
5
• base (1)
• ramus (2)
• condylar process (3) 2
• coronoid process (4)
• 7
mandibular notch (5)
• angle (6) 8
• alveolar part (7) 1
• oblique line 6 9
• mental foramen
• mental protuberance (8)
• masseteric tuberosity ( 9)
 1
Mandible

• lingula (1)
• mandibular foramen 3
• mylohyoid groove 2
• 4
mylohyoid line
• pterygoid tuberosity (2)
• submandibular fossa (3)
• sublingual fossa (4)
• mental spine
• alveolar arch
• dental alveolae
• interalveolar septa
• interradicular septa
Zygomatic bone:

• zygomatic arch 1
• frontal process (1) 3
• temporal process (2) 2
• temporal fossa (3)
• zygomaticofacial
foramen
• infraorbital margin
Vomer
Palatine bone:
perpendicular plate

• sphenopalatine foramen
Palatine bone:
perpendicular plate

• orbital process
• sphenoid process
Palatine bone:
horisontal plate

• greater palatine
foramen and canal

• lesser palatine
foramens and canals

• posterior nasal spine

Palatine bone:

• pterygopalatine fossa
Inferior nasal concha:

• maxillary process
• lacrimal process
• ethmoid process
Hyoid bone:

• body
• greater horns
• lesser horns
 Orbit

• pyramidal bony cavity

• base is directed anterolaterally
• apex is directed posteromedially

Contents: eyeball, extraocular

muscles, nerves, vessels and
lacrimal apparatus.
ORBIT:
SUPERIOR WALL 1
2
• orbital part of the frontal
bone (1)
• lesser wing of the sphenoid
(2)
• superior orbital fissure
• optic canal
ORBIT:
MEDIAL WALL

• frontal process of maxilla (1)

• anterior lacrimal crest (2) 5
• lacrimal bone 4 1
3
• posterior lacrimal crest (3) 2
• lacrimal sac
• nasolacrimal canal
• orbital plate of ethmoid bone
(4)
• anterior and posterior
ethmoidal
foramina
• body of sphenoid (5)
ORBIT:
INFERIOR WALL

• body of maxilla (1)

• body of sphenoid (2)
• perpendicular plate of
2 3
palatine bone (3)
• inferior orbital fissure
• infraorbital groove (4) 1
4
• infraorbital canal
• inferior orbital fissure
ORBIT:
LATERAL WALL

• greater wing of sphenoid

• zygomatic bone
 Nasal cavity

• divided by the nasal septum

• openings: piriform aperture
and
choanae
• lined by nasal mucosa
• divisible into an olfactory
and a respiratory area
• connection with the paranasal
sinuses
NASAL CAVITY:
MEDIAL WALL

• bony nasal septum:

perpendicular plate of
1
ethmoid,
sphenoidal crest (1) and
vomer
NASAL CAVITY:
MEDIAL WALL
1
• choanae:
body of sphenoid 2
(1),
medial lamina of
pterygoid process 3
(2),
horizontal plate
of palatine
bone (3)
NASAL CAVITY:
INFERIOR WALL

• nasal crest (1)

• anterior nasal
spine (a)
• posterior nasal
spine (b)
• palatine
a 1 3 b
process of 2
maxilla (2)
• horizontal plate
of palatine (3)
 2 3
NASAL CAVITY:
SUPERIOR WALL 1 4

• nasal bone (1)

• nasal part of
frontal bone (2)
• cribriform plate
of ethmoid (3)
• sphenoethmoid
recess (4)
NASAL CAVITY:
LATERAL
WALL 1 2
3
• frontal process of maxilla (1)
• ethmoid bone (2) 5
• nasal conchae
• 4
ethmoid bulla
• uncinate process
• semilunar hiatus (3)
• sphenoid bone
• body of maxilla
• perpendicular plate of
palatine (4)
• medial lamina of pterygoid
process (5)
• sphenopalatine foramen
• nasolacrimal duct
 Thank you for your
attention.

References: Drake: Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd ed.

Standring: Gray’s Anatomy, 39th ed.
Radiopaedia.org
Thieme Atlas of Anatomy, General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal
System, Head and Neuroanatomy 2nd ed.