Unit-4

4.2 Four stroke engine

Compiled by
Pravinkumar kamatchi
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 TYPES OF ENGINES
based on combustion
Internal combustion engine 1-Internal
2-External

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 TYPES OF ENGINES
based on combustion
External combustion engine 1-Internal
2-External

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 TYPES OF ENGINES
based on combustion
External combustion engine 1-Internal
2-External

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 TYPES OF IC ENGINES
Based on ignition
• Internal combustion engines may be classified as :

1. Spark Ignition engines.

2. Compression Ignition engines.

Also we are having “n” number of categories to

classify engine.. Just YoucaN

it
 TYPES OF IC ENGINES- based on
ignition
• Spark ignition engine (SI engine):
An engine in which the combustion process in each cycle is started
by use of an external spark.

• Compression ignition engine (CI engine):

An engine in which the combustion process starts when the air-fuel
mixture self ignites due to high temperature in the combustion
chamber caused by high compression.

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 Four Stroke
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Petrol Engine
FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINES

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 TYPES OF IC ENGINES
Spark ignition engine

four stroke engine

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Four Stroke Petrol Engine Cycle

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 Suction stroke
• Inlet valve open-Exhaust valve closed
• Fuel charged into the cylinder
• Piston moves- TDC to BDC

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 Compression stroke
• Both valves are closed
• Fuel is compressed
• Compression ratio- 7 to 10(petrol
engine)
• Pressure and temperature increased
to 15-20 bar and 400deg cellius
• After that spark is initiated so
Pressure and Temperature increases
(2000 deg cel)
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 Expansion stroke(power stroke)
• Both values closed
• Due to rise in pressure- piston moves
downwards with great force
• At the end of the expansion stroke
exhaust valve opens to release the
burnt gases

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 Exhaust stroke
• Exhaust valve opens
• Piston moves from BDC to
TDC
• This movement pushes the
gases

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 Application of petrol engine
• High speed motor cycles
• Passenger cars

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Advantages of Petrol engine
High engine speeds of about 3000 rpm.
Lighter in a weight because maximum pressure
and temperature is less.
Less initial cost.
Less maintenance cost.
Disadvantages of Petrol engine
low compression ratio ranging from 6 to 10.
The thermal efficiency is lower due to lower
compression ratio.
Running cost higher because petrol is costlier.
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 TYPES OF IC ENGINES
Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)

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Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)

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Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)
Suction stroke
• Inlet valve open-Exhaust valve closed
• Air (diesel engine )is sucked in to the
cylinder
• Piston moves- TDC to BDC

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Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)
Compression stroke
• Both valves are closed
• Sucked air is compressed to a high
pressure(35 to 40 bar)
• Compression ratio- 16 to 20(Diesel engine)
• End of the compression stroke fine fuel
spray is injected.

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Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)
Expansion stroke(power stroke)
• Both values closed
• The injected fuel burned due to the
(compressed gas) higher temperature and
pressure.
• Due to that rise in pressure- piston moves
downwards with great force
• At the end of the expansion stroke exhaust
valve opens to release
YoucaN the burnt gases
Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)
Exhaust stroke
• Exhaust valve opens
• Piston moves from BDC to TDC
• This movement pushes the gases

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Compression ignition engine(Diesel engine)
applications
• Heavy duty transportation
• Trucks
• Tractors
• Bullsozers
• Industrial and marine applications

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 Spark ignition and Compression Ignition engine operate on
either a four stroke cycle or a two stroke cycle.

Four stroke cycle :

It has four piston strokes over two revolutions for
each cycle.

Two stroke cycle :

It has two piston strokes over one revolution for each
cycle.
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https://www.engihub.com/parts-
of-internal-combustion-engine/

References

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