LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF PEER

PRESSURE AMONG SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL LEARNER’S
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

• Peer influence is not necessarily a bad thing. We are all influenced by our peers, both negatively and positively, at

any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your

friends than you do with your parents and siblings. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a

greater role in your life. Sometimes, though, particularly in emotional situations, peer influence can be hard to resist—

it really has become "pressure" and you may feel compelled to do something you're uncomfortable with Johnston,

O’Malley, & Bachman, (2000)..

• Peer pressure is social pressure by members of one's peer group to take a certain action, adopt certain

values or otherwise conform in order to be accepted Lo & Globetti, (1993). In simplest terms, peer pressure

is defined as pressure or influence from a person’s peers Johnston, O’Malley, & Bachman, (2000).

• Peers are usually thought of as people who are the same age and are in the same social group

as the individual White, Bates, & Johnson, (1991) . Peer pressure often involves pressure to engage in

certain activities or conform to certain standards set forth by the group (Kandel & Andrews, 1987).

Pressure could include dressing a certain way, only associating with certain people, or using drugs

Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, (1984)

Theoretical and conceptual Framework
• This study is anchored on Erickson’s Theory of
Social Development. Teenagers are affected by
peer pressure at least once in their life. It is
commonly thought to be an issue related being
a teenager but pressure from society and peers
starts at a very young age and can continue
into late adult hood. Peer pressure can range
from encouragement to indirect pressures to
intense bullying. This study anchored on
Erikson's Theory on Social development
Critical and Conceptual Theories

• 

• Behavioral Theories -seeks to explain human behavior by analyzing the antecedents and

consequences present in the individual's environment and the learned associations he or she

has acquired through previous experience. This entry describes the various traditions within

the behavioral perspective (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitively mediated

behavioral theory, and functional contextualism) and the clinical applications that are derived

from them. Common criticisms are discussed in light of the ongoing evolution of behavioral

theory and the fit of its tenets with the field of social work.

• Behaviorism refers to a psychological approach which emphasizes scientific and objective

methods of investigation. The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response

behaviors, and states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.
Research Paradigm

DV IV

Level of Awareness in IV
a. section
Societal Pressure b. sex
c. strand
Statement of the Problem

• This study aimed to determine the level of Awareness on Societal Pressure among

Senior High School Learners.

•Specifically, these studies sought to answer the following questions;

1.What is the level of Awareness in Societal Pressure among Senior High School

Learners, when grouped according to section, sex, strand?

2.Is there a significant difference on the level of Awareness on Societal Pressure

among Senior High School Learners when grouped according to section, sex, strand?

•Hypothesis

• There is no significant difference on the level of Awareness on Societal Pressure

among Senior High School Learners when grouped according to section, sex, strand?
Significance of the study

• The main purpose of this study is to determine the Level of Awareness of Societal Pressure among Senior

High School Learners. Specifically, the result of this study will be beneficial to the following persons;

•Students - The result of this study will provide the students with appropriate knowledge on Societal Pressure

and may provide them additional information.

•Teacher - The result of this study would be beneficial to the teachers by providing them accurate information

about their students specifically in Societal Pressure.

•School - The result of this study would be beneficial to the school, this will serve as their guide about Societal

pressure.

•Parents - The finding of this study will be a great help for the parents in guiding and supporting their children

in terms of advice, wherein, they may help their children to cope up with their Societal Peer Pressure problem.

•Researcher - This study would be beneficial to the researcher by giving a piece of information and knowledge

about the certain research problem.

•Future Researcher - This study will help them to be a progressive researcher in the future and it will give

them some ideas.

Definition of Terms

•Societal - is a development within social psychology which emphasizes the all-embracing force of the

social, institutional, and cultural environments, and with it the study of social phenomena in their own right

as they affect, and are affected by, the members of the particular society.

•Pressure - is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that

force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure)[a] is the pressure relative to the ambient

pressure.

• Societal Pressure - is the direct influence on people by peers, or the effect on an individual

who gets encouraged to follow their peers by changing their attitudes, values or behaviors to

conform to those of the influencing group or individual.

• Secondary School - is both an organization that provides secondary education and the

building where this takes place. Some secondary schools can provide both lower secondary

education and upper secondary education (levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale), but these can

also be provided in separate schools, as in the American middle and high school system.
Scope and Delimitation

• This study aims to determine the Level of

Awareness of Societal Pressure among Senior High

School Learners. Primarily this study will be bound on

Senior High Department of Ajuy National High School

(ANHS), San Antonio, Ajuy, Iloilo for the school year

2019-2020 .ss
•CHAPTER 2

• REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

•Peers become an important influence on behavior being during the
adolescent, and peer pressure has been called a hallmark of an
adolescent’s experience. Peer conformity in young people is most
pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology and
values. Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of
adolescents risk taking (such as delinquency, drug abuse, sexual
behaviors, and reckless driving) because this activities commonly
occur in the company of peers. Affiliation with friends who engaged
in risk behaviors has been shown to be a strong predictor of an
adolescent own behavior. However peer pressure can also have
positive effects when youth are pressured by their peers towards
positive behaviors.
MEANING OF PEER GROUP
• According to Castrogiovanni (2002) a peer group is defined
as a small group of similarly aged: fairly close friends, sharing
the same activities. In general peer groups or cliques have to
twelve members , with an average of five or six. Peer groups
provide a sense of security and they help adolescents to build a
sense of Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. (2001) defined
peer group as a group of people of same age or social status.
The peer group is the first social group outside the home in
which the child attempts to gain acceptance and recognition.
Peer group is an important influence throughout one’s life but
they are more critical during the developmental years of
childhood and adolescence.
Peer Groups Provide for Adolescent
Students
• Educators and parents should be aware that peer
pressure provides a variety of positve experiences for
adolescents. Castrogiouanni (2002) cited the following
opportunity to learn how to interact to others; support
in identifying, interest, abilities, and personality;
without control of adults and parents; opportunities
for witnessing the strategies others use to cope with
similar problems, and for observing how effective they
are; involve emotional support and; building and
maintaining friendship.
Positive Peer Group Influence
• Contrarly to popular beliefs, not all peer influence is negative. Spending
more time with peers does not always translate peer in influence can. In
fact, keep youth participating in religious activities, going to meetings,
and playing on sports teams, even when they are not leaders (Lingen
1995). The peer group is a source of affection, sympathy, understand, and
place for experimentation. This factors is consistent with Bowmeister and
Leary’s “Belongingness Hypothesis” in that there is a genetically based
need to belong. The basic premise is that people of all ages seek inclusion
and avoid exclusion influence in these primary peer groups ca they
joining the track team or drama club to motivation, engagement and
achievement in algebra class (N’cole , 2004) already suggested, students
define themselves by the groups with which they affiliate. Values that are
important to most adolescents include: school learning and achievement;
social activities; and whether or not engaged in deliquent activities
(Landau,2002). Fishcoff, Cremwell, and kipke (1999)cited a system theory
perspective, arguing that groups provide a lot of positive feedback
encourage action to maintain good feelings.These good feelings are often
reported in peer groups and actions could lead to engaging in risky
behaviors to keep the “fun” going. According to Ryan (2002), students
NEGATIVE PEER GROUP INFLUENCE AND ITS
CAUSES
• While it is dear that peer groups can be positive for identity formation,
negative peer group dp exist and should be of concern to education
professionals. Ones aspect that may contribution of negative peer groups is
passive acceptance of peer-group structure. Teachers except that students
will behave in a certain way taht is consistent with their peer group
affiliation an consequently make no attempts to intervence with the
structure. In order words, teacher passively the “brain-nerd” differentiation.
Another problem that arises in the scholl is a favouritism towards athletes.
Athletes often receive more esteem in school and are often students as
receiving special treatment. Special treatment could come in the form of
more teachers , students interaction or more academic help form advisors.
This extra attention given towards athletes can very discouraging for non-
athletes and can spark jealousy. If educators focus to much on the athletes
and with or popular students. They may not even fully notice a struggling
student slip through the cracks.
CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

•INTRODUCTION
• This chapter deals with the procedure for data collection, the
research design adopted in the study, research instrument and
sampling techniques as well as method of data collection and analysis.
• 
•RESEARCH DESIGN
• The research used a correlation research design. Gay (1996) points
out that correlation research attempt to determine whether, and to
what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable
variables.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
• According to Orodho, (2008) specifying the population that is targeted for
study is important as it helps researcher to make decision on sampling and
resources to use. T he population was all the students in the grade (11) of
ANHS SHS. 
• 
•SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• Simple random sampling technique was used to select the grade 11
students of ANHS SHS. In particular, a table of random numbers was used to
select the students that use in the study. Purposive sampling was used to
select the students from the sampled students.
• 
•INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION
• The instrument being used in this research work is the questionnaire,
which consists of series of question design and expected to be answered by
the respondent on the column provided appropriately.
VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT USED
• In order to ensure validity, the instrument was given to the expert in
which useful and constructive suggestion, observation and corrections
were made before they were administered to students. From the initial
a total of 15 questions were designed, but 10 questions were finally
used based on expert input.
• 
• 
•METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
• Liker-type questionnaires were used to collect data on the factors
and effect of peer group Influence and/on the performance of
adolescents /students. The questionnaire was used since the study was
mainly concerned with variables that could not be directly observed or
manipulated. A questionnaire was also preferred it takes care of
confidentiality. Data was analyzed using and inferential statistics
LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF PEER PRESSURE AMONG
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNER’S
INSTRUMENT:
QUESTIONS STRONG AGREE STRON DIS-
AGREE G DIS- AGRE
AGREE E
1.Most of my friends in school perform        

well in examinations
2.My friends encourage me to work hard        

in school
3.My friends affect my academic work        

positively
4. My friends make fun of students who        

try to do well in school

5.Ispend most of my time in school with        

friends discussing academic work

revising for examinations
6.My friends are drug addicts        

7.Most of my friends are disciplined in        

school and at home

8.My friends attend school regularly        

9.My friends engage in sexual relations        

10.My friends sneak out of school during        

class hours.
 ACADEMIC STRESSORS AMONG
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Background of the Study
• In life it is very common to hear about death and taxes in first and second
position, and stress comes in the third position of humans’ problems (Bernstien,
et,al,2008. Stress is a part of life ni matter how wealthy ,power,attractive,or
happy people might be.However,stress may take different forms depending on
the situation.Stress may occur when one is doing a difficult exam,an
automobile,accident,waiting in a long time,during a day on which everthing goes
wrong etc…This paper examines the perception of academic stress among male
and female among senior high school students of Ajuy National High School
Students.This study focused on the level of academic stressor among senior high
school students of Ajuy National High School.Academic stress among students
has become a topic of interest in many European and North American
Countries.Seven out of ten students in Swidesh higher education experienced
stress several days a week during spring.Three out of ten experience difficulties in
sleeping or skipped lunch atleast once a week.One out of four of all students had
a headache or stomach ache one or several times a week.Generally it can be said
that female students experience more difficulties than male students(Swedish
Statistics Central Office,2017)McKean et al.(2000)argue that undergraduate
students experience higher stress at predictable time each Semister beacause of
the Academic commitments,financial pressures,and lack of time manangement
skills.This can affect health ,emotional state and academic performance,once
stress has become perceived negatively or has become excessive.Hence,it
important undergraduate students develop effective strategies in order to
manage stressful situations
 P aradigm of the Study
L evel of awar eness 6H[
in str ess 6HFW LRQ
management 6W UDQG
•Statement of the Problem
•*General Objectives
• This study aimed to determine the level of awareness in stress management among
senior high school students.
•*Specific Questions
• What are the profile of the respondents when group according to .
• a. section
• b. sex
• c. strand
•2. What is level of awareness of stress management among senior high school students when
group according to.
• a. section
• b. sex
• c. strand
•3.Is there significant difference on the level of awareness in stress management among senior high
school students when group according to.
• a. section
• b. sex
• c. strand
•Hypotheses
• There is no significant difference on the level of awareness in stress management among senior
high school students when group according to section, sex, and strand.
Significance of the Study
•
• The Outcome of the study will provide the
basis of for enhancing the general adaption of a
new positive approach to student life there by
ensuring academic success.
• Stress appeals to connect much of this
research. Defining stress leads one to
understand the rule of stress in the
development of person’s personality both
physical and emotional condition.
STUDENTS-For the students of HUMSS 12-C (2019-
2020) the result of this study may give them a better
information and how we can manage our stress. It can
also help them to improve their stress awareness.
•PARENTS- This study may help the parents to know
the situation of their children.
• TEACHER-They can get tips on the things that they
can make. So that they can avoid stress even though
in a simple things .The benefits they can concentrate
good in their lessons. They should deliver their
lessons indeed must deliver on their students. They
can provide their right on the students, they can
expand their topic that their students can catch up
and it can provide them more ideas for as long as
they can avoid stress
•Future Researcher- this study would be great
help to them this would serve us a guidelines to
any studies they were conducted in the future.
Definition of Terms

•Stress- in psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Stress is a type of

psychological pain. Small amounts of stress may be desired, beneficial and even
healthy.
•Management- is the administration of an organization, whatever it is a business a not-
for-profit organization body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy
of an organization and coordination the efforts of its employees to accomplish its
objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural,
technological and human resources.
•Stress Management- Is wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at
controlling a person’s level of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose.
In this context, the term ‘stress’ refers only to a stress with significant negative
consequences, or distress in the terminology advocated by Hans Selye, rather than
what he calls eustress, s stress whose consequences are helpful or otherwise.
•Students- a student primarily a person called a person enrolled in a school or other
educational institution who attends classes in a course to attain the appropriate level
of mastery of a subject under the guidance of an instructor assigns that are necessary
either for class preparation or to submit evidence of progress towards that mastery.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
• This study considers every aspect of students personal information that has
an impact on their academic performances such as their parents educational
background, their parents income, their gender, age and home location. Each
of the respondents are given same questionnaires to answer. And this study
focuses on the current senior high school students, 2019-2020.
•Stress appears to connect much of this research. Defining stress leads one to
understand the role of stress in the development of the person’s personality
both physical and emotional condition. Findings suggest that stressful
students experiences heighten an individual’s response to stress throughout
life. This study provides information about stress sources coping strategies
functioned as a mechanism to avoid self-depression and failures in school
activities as well as the timely evidence of stress level they rated.Researchers
agreed that stress sources of college students mainly include study factors,
social factors, life and economic factors, and career factors. Furthermore this
will serve as an aid for future studies.
 Review of Related Literature
•STRESS
•Stress is a much talked about word in today’s time weather or not the
seriousness with which to avoid it and to deal with it, is adequate in
organizations. Stress today affects almost all in some way or other
organizations are group of people and therefore they cannot remain
unaffected. If the literature review is of any indication, stress emerges
as a key concern in the business world today. The implication of stress
are many, including the morale, attrition, overhead cost and poor
productivity and therefore there have been many researchers that have
examined stress and its variables. Minter (1999)defines stress as
“Harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when
requirement of a job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs
of the worker” Schuler (1982) is of the opinion that stress is “perceived
dynamic state involving uncertainly about something important”.
 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
 
• Sibnath Deb. Esben strod and Jiandong Sun (2012). Academic related
stress among private secondary school students in India. The purpose
of this study is to examine the prevalence of academic stress and exam
anxiety among private secondary school students in india as well as the
associations with socio-economic and study related factors.
Participants were 400 adolescent students (52% male) from private
secondary schppls in kolkan who were studying in grade 10 and
12.participants were selected using a multi stage sampling technique
and were assessed using a study specific questionnaire. Findings
revealed that 35 and 37 percent reported high or very high levels of
academic stress and exam anxiety respectively. All students reported
high levels of academic stress, but those who had lower students who
engaged in extra curricular activities where more likely to report exam
anxiety than those who did not engage in extra curricular activities.
“Material”
• Since the major objective of this study is to identify
and examine the main sources of academic stressors among
senior high school student, which can possibly have
important effects of the performance and the health of the
senior high school student,it was necessary to formulate a
questionnaire that would be adequately tala in account
senior high school students economical, environmental and
studies related sources of stress of stress. The questionnaire
of the survey in this study elaborated four categories of
major resources of stress that are relevant to the potential
stressful experiences of senior high school students
interactions with others, internal factors, academic factors.
•“Participant”
When carrying out on empirical
investigation is always necessary to define the
target population, which characterized the
sum of all units analysis. In this study the
target population is defined as Male or Female
Senior High School Stdents in Ajuy National
High School, Grade 11.
“Procedure”
• When our questionnaire is ready for the survey. We made to every adviser of every strand of Grade
11 to ask permission to allow us to conduct the survey with the target category of students a few minutes
lecture. We introduce briefly the topic of purpose of research from, and start to distribute the questionnaire
to the students who accepted to participate in the survey.
• 
• 
•Questionnaire No:__________(To Be Field Up By Researchers)
•Name (Optional):
•Age:
•Sex:
•Strand:
•Year:
•This survey is going to be use for the elaboration of our research project in order to complete our
Degree/Strand under Senior High School Education.
• 
•Please kindly reply to the following questions:
•During your studies you may somehow experience stress?
•Encircle how would you rate these sources of stress that may cause stressful situation at anytime during
your studies?
What do you think is causing stress during our studies?
STRONGLY DISAGREE: 1 AGREE:2

STRONGLY AGREE: 3 DISAGREE: 4

A. Relating to other people 1 2 3 4

1.CLASSMATE CONFLICT

2. WORK W/ BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND

3.FIGHT WITH BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND

4.NEW BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND

5.FAMILY PROBLEM

6.FRUSTRATION DUE TO MISUNDERSTANDING

TO OTHERS
7.FAMILY EXPECTATION
B. Personal Factors

1.CHANGE IN SLEEPING

2.CHANGE IN EATING HABITS

3.FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
B. Personal Factors

4.COMBINING JOB W/ STUDENTS

(IF WORKING STUDENTS)
5.HEALTH PROBLEMS

6.PRESSURE

7.LACK OF SOCIAL CONTACTS

8.NOW RESPONSIBILITY
C. Academic factors

1.INCREASED OF CLASS WORKLOAD

2.LOWER GRADE

3.MANY HOURS OF STUDIES

4.LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES

5.LACK OF SCHOOL SUPPORT

6.EXAMINATION

7.MANY ESSAYS

8.STAYING LATE WRITING PAPER

9.MISSING SOME LECTURE

D. Environmental factors

1.LACK OF VACATION/BREAKS

2.COMPUTER PROBLEMS

3.BAD LIVING CONDITION

4.DIVORCE BETWEEN PARENTS

5.PLACED IN UNFAMILIAR SITUATION

6.MOVING TO A NEW CITY