Elementary Linear

Algebra

General Vector Space

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh

CC-215,
E-mail:tksingh@goa.bits-pilani.ac.in
 Chapter 4
General Vector Spaces
 4.1 Real Vector Spaces
 4.2 Subspaces
 4.3 Linear Independence
 4.4 Coordinates and Basis
 4.5 Dimension
 4.6 Change of Basis
 4.7 Row Space, Column Space, and Null
Space
 4.8 Rank, Nullity, and the Fundamental
Matrix Spaces
 4.9 Matrix Transformations from Rn to Rm
 4.10 Properties of Matrix Transformations
Vector Space
 How to show that a set with two binary operations is a Vector
Space?

 Identify the set V of objects that will become vectors.

 Identify the addition and scalar multiplication
operations on V.
 Verify Axioms 1(closure under addition) and 6
(closure under scalar multiplication); that is, adding
two vectors in V produces a vector in V, and
multiplying a vector in V by a scalar also produces a
vector in V.
 Confirm that Axioms 2,3,4,5,7,8,9 and 10 hold.
Some Properties of Vector
Space
Theorem: Let V be a vector space, u
V and k a scalar, then
0u = 0
k0 = 0
-1u = -u
If ku = 0, then k = 0 or u = 0
Subspaces
Method to find the ‘smallest’ subspace
of a vector space V
The span of S
Linear Independence
Linearly independence
Linear Independence in R2 and R3
The Wronskian
Basis and Coordinates
The coordinate vector
Dimension
Basis contd.
Theorem: Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and
{v1,v2,…,vn} be any basis.
If a set has more than n vectors, then it is L.D.
If a set has fewer than n vectors, then it does not span V.

Theorem: All bases for a finite-dimensional vector space

have the same number of vectors.
Plus / Minus Theorem
Change of Basis
Transition Matrices
Computing the transition matrix
Row Space, Column Space, and
Null Space
Row, column and null spaces
Systems of linear equations
A basis for span (S)
Rank, Nullity, and the Fundamental
Matrix Spaces
Fundamental Spaces of Matrix A

Row space of A
Null space of A
Column space of A
Null space of AT
Matrix Transformations from Rn to Rm
Finding the standard matrix for a
matrix transformation
Rotation Operators
Dilations and Contractions
Expansion or Compression
Shear
Properties of Matrix Transformations
Matrix Operators
Computer Graphics