Fashion Material

Management and Quality

Unit 10
Leather & Nonwovens

Kakoli Biswas
 Nonwovens
• Definition of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D 1117-
80)
- ‘A nonwoven is a textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of
fibres, or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal or solvent
means and combinations thereof. The term does not include paper or fabrics
that are woven, knitted or tufted.’

• Advantages
- It is generally done in a continuous process directly from the raw
material to the finished fabric.
- In spite of this mass-production approach, the nonwovens industry can
produce a very wide range of fabric properties.
Nonwoven products

SEM micrography of thermally

bonded nonwoven fabric
Methods of production

• Two main stages in production of

nonwovens
1.Preparation of the fibres into a
suitable form for bonding
2.Bonding process

• Preparation of the fibres into a Melt spun nonwoven

suitable form for bonding
- Air Laid Web Formation
- Wet Laid Web Formation
- Polymer Laid Web Formation

• Bonding process
- Mechanical bonding
- Thermal bonding
- Chemical bonding
Wet laid nonwoven
Web Formation

Web Formation

Dry laid/ Air laid Wet laid Polymer laid/ Melt spun

Opening of fibres Spun bonded

Carding Melt blown

Air laying
Parallel Cross laying
Dry laid nonwoven

Vertical cross lapper

Wet laid nonwoven

Schematic of different stages of wet-laid process

Wet laid nonwoven –web formation

Web forming device with inclined wire screen

Melt blown process
Spun bonding
Bonding process

Bonding process

Mechanical Thermal Chemical

Stitch bonding Using calenders Using binders

Needle punching Infra red/ Ultrasonic

Hydroentanglement Thermal radiation

Needle punched nonwoven

Needle Action - Schematic Types of needles

Hydroentanglement
Needle punched nonwoven production technology

Engraved rollers for thermal bonding

Thermal bonded nonwoven

product
Chemical bonding

Industrial spray bonding process

Schematic of spray bonding

process
Nonwoven uses

Products That Use Nonwovens

Agriculture and Landscaping Home Furnishings Industrial/Military

Crop Covers Furniture construction sheeting Coated fabrics

Turf protection products Insulators, arms and back Filters

Nursery overwintering Cushion ticking Semiconductor polishing pads

Weed control fabrics Dust covers Wipers

Root bags Decking Clean room apparel

Containers Skirt linings Air conditioning filters

Capillary matting Pull strips Military clothing

Bedding construction sheeting Abrasives

Automotive Home furnishing Cable insulation

Trunk applications Quilt backing Reinforced plastics

Floor covers Dust covers Tapes
Side liners Flanging Protective clothing, lab coats
Front and back liners Spring wrap Sorbents
Wheelhouse covers Insulators Lubricating pads
Rear shelf trim panel covers Quilt backings Flame barriers
Seat applications Blankets Packaging
Listings Wallcovering backings Conveyor belts
Cover slip sheets Acoustical wallcoverings Display felts
Foam reinforcements Upholstery backings Papermaker felts
Transmission oil filters Pillows, pillow cases Noise absorbent felt
Door trim panel carpets Window treatments

Door trim panel padding Drapery components Leisure, Travel

Vinyl, landau cover backings Carpet backings, carpets, and Sleeping bags
Molded headliner substrates Pads Tarpaulins, tents
Hood silencer pads Mattress pad components Artificial leather, luggage
Clothing Health Care Personal Care and
Hygiene
Interlinings Surgical: caps, gowns, masks, Diapers
Clothing and glove insulation Shoe covers Sanitary napkins, tampons
Bra and shoulder padding Sponges, dressings, wipes Training pants
Handbag components Orthopedic padding Incontinence products
Shoe components Bandages, tapes Dry and wet wipes
Dental bibs Cosmetic applicators, removers

Construction Drapes, wraps, packs Lens tissue

Roofing and tile underlayment Sterile packaging Hand warmers

Acoustical ceilings Bed linen, underpads Vacuum cleaner bags
Insulation Contamination control gowns Tea, coffee bags
Electrodes Buff pads
Examination gowns
Geotextiles Household Office
Asphalt overlay Wipes, wet, dry polishing Mailing envelopes, labels

Road and railroad beds Aprons Maps, signs, pennants

Soil stabilization Scouring pads Floppy disk liners

Drainage Fabric softener sheets Towels

Dam and stream embankments Dust cloths, mops Promotional items

Golf and tennis courts Tea and coffee bags Pen nibs

Artificial turf Placemats, napkins

Sedimentation and erosion Ironing board pads

Control Washcloths

Pond liners Tablecloths

Source: The Nonwoven Fabrics Handbook, Association for the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry, Cary, North
Carolina
Thank you