Higher Technological Institute of Centla

2nd “A” Chemical Engieering

Hello!
TEAM MEMBERS:
Jonathan Emanuel Aguilar León
Yuzzet Aide Guevara Romero
Karen Guisell Torres Gómez
Alondra Esther Peralta Sánchez
Antonio Madrigal Gallegos

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COTT
ON
 WHAT IS IT?
Cotton is a textile fiber of plant origin produced by a
family of plants of the genus Gossypium and the
family of the malváceas, known as cotton, cotton or
cotton plants.
This fiber grows in different proportions and lengths
around the seeds of the plant and is usable for the
industrial fabric manufacturing process, being today
the most important natural fiber in the world.
Cotton is composed of pure cellulose, a biopolymer
composed of glucose molecules, which arises in the
form of white sponges of soft, spongy tissue, highly
permeable to air, so it quickly absorbs moisture.
This makes it ideal for fabrics in hot and humid
climates, which are light, easy to wash and
3 comfortable.
 “
Successful cultivation
of the cotton requires
a long frost-free
period, plenty of
sunshine, and a
moderate rainfall,
usually from 60 to
120 cm
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 ORIGIN The name of cotton comes from the Arabic word to
designate the plant from which it comes: al-qutun.
In Classical Antiquity (Greco-Roman) cotton was
known but not cultivated. It was considered an exotic
fabric that came from trade with India, called Bromyx
in Greek (a term also used for silk) and Carbasus in
Latin, taken from the word in Sanskrit karpäsa.
Only in the twelfth century, the Arabs introduced the
plant in Europe.
However, the production of these fibers onIn
America, on the other hand, cotton was known since
ancient times, and it is estimated that it began to be
cultivated 8,000 years ago in the territory of present-
day Mexico. Many other pre-Columbian cultures, such
as the Incas, cultivated it profusely.
a massive and international scale began with the
colonial rule of the 18th century and the subsequent
5 Industrial Revolution, taking advantage of plantations
 FEATUR
ES
⊷ Leather is usually smoother
than wool, but cotton is the
smoothest material.
⊷ Silk is usually lighter than
wool, but cotton is the
lightest material.
⊷ Wool is usually cheaper than
silk, but cotton is the
cheapest material.
⊷ Wool is usually warmer than
solk, but cotton is the
warmest material.
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The plant is a
shrub native to
tropical and
Maps
subtropical
region round
the world.

Egypt
Mexico India
Africa
Americ
The as

greatest
diversity of
wild cotton
Australi
species is a
found in
Mexico,
followed by
Australia
and Africa
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 4,000 tons
One hertare can produce tons of cotton

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 TYPES OF GARMENTS MADE WITH COTTON

About 60% of the cotton fiber is

used in the elaboration of a huge
range of clothes, from shirts,
shirts, coats, jackets, to
underwear, work clothes and
jeans or “jeans”.
It is also often used for bedding,
lingerie, cleaning cloths,
bedspreads, sheets, towels,
gowns or for medical supplies
such as gauze and bandages.
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 HOW IS THIS MADE?
The processing of cotton as a raw material for the textile industry
covers the following stages:

 Initial Processin: The raw cotton arrives from the field and is
dried to facilitate its process, which begins with the separation
of the fiber from the rest of the foreign matter: leaves, dirt,
seeds, stems, etc.
 Yanr: Once the cotton fibers have been cleaned and stretched,
they are spun, either manually or by hand in a spinning wheel,
or in mechanical spinning machines. However, the objective is
to group and twist the filaments to form threads of several
strands.
 Tissue: Using the warp of threads and the loom (handmade or
industrial), we then proceed to the fabric, crossing the threads
in a transverse and vertical way, being able to draw shapes
and figures through the modification of the number of threads
of the warp and the sequence in which they interweave.
Throughout the process the threads receive a protective layer
called "primer."
 Dyed and printed: To color the cotton you can dye the
10 already woven fabric, loose fibers or the thread itself before
 Thank
s!
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