Part programming using fixed or canned

cycles
To illustrate the use of these cycles we first consider
the action of drilling hole under program control. The
sequence for such operation is:
• Move spindle to gauge the height, turn spindle on.
• Move, in rapid, to the centre coordinate of the hole.
• Feed to required depth.
• Rapid out to gauge height ready for next move.
Part programming using fixed or canned
cycles (Contd.)
A part program segment for achieving this might be as follows.
 Assume a hole to be drilled at coordinate position X100 Y100.
 Gauge height to be at Z-50.
 Required depth 5mm.
N050 G00 Z-50 M03 ..spindle to gauge height, rapid traverse, spindle on
N055 X100 Y100 ..rapid to hole coordinate position
N060 G01 Z-55 M08 ..feed to depth, coolant ON
N065 G00 Z-50 ..rapid out to gauge height
When programmed using a fixed drill cycle G81:
N050 G00 Z-50 M03 ..spindle to gauge ht., rapid, spindle on
N055 G81 X100 Y100 Z-55 M08 ..move to co-ordinate position,
drill to depth retract to gauge ht., rapid
Loops
In order to repeat a section of the part program a number of times it is
necessary to specify three pieces of information
 The START of the loop.
 The END of the loop.
 The Number of REPEATS of the loop.
All three pieces of information are provided in a single block of
information like so
=N1ɸɸ/3
 The = character marks the START of the loop
 The N1ɸɸ denotes the block number where the loop is to END
 /3 specifies the NUMBER of REPEATS(in this case 3).
Example 1

Drill six holes along a line at Y100, each at a spacing of30mm from
each other, starting from X100. Use G81.
N030 G00 X70 Y70 M03 …move, rapid, to X70 Y70, spindle on
N035 Z-50 M08 …spindle down to gauge ht. , coolant on
N040 G91 Y30 …set incremental co-ordinates, move Y30
=N050/6…repeat up to N050 six times
N050 G81 X30 Z-5 F400 …move along X30, drill Z-5 deep, retract
N055 G80 …cancel fixed cycle
N065 G90 Z0 M09 …retract spindle, absolute, coolant off
Subroutines or sub-program (Contd.)
To mill a square profile of 50mm*50mm, at a depth of 3mm, at various positions in
a flat plate component. Gauge height is at Z-50, which 2mm above the surface of
the component. A subroutine might be defined as follows.
#1 ..start of the subroutine number
N100 G01 Z-55 F400 ..feed to the required depth, absolute
N105 G91 X50 …set incremental, traverse 50mm in X+
N110 Y50 .. traverse 50mm in Y+
N115 X-50 .. traverse 50mm in X-
N120 Y-50 .. traverse 50mm in Y-, back to start position
N125 G90 ..set absolute
N130 G00 Z-50 ..retract spindle to gauge ht., rapid
$ ..end of subroutine definition.
Macros
Macro is defined in exactly the same way as the subroutine
In addition it is necessary to specify:
The PARAMETERS that may change, from call to call.
A means of PASSING true values into these parameters.
#1 ..start of macro number 1.
N100 G01 Z-55 F400..feed to required depth, absolute.
N105 G91 X* ..set incremental, traverse X+ value to be supplied
N110 Y* .. traverse Y+ value to be supplied
N115 X* … traverse X- value to be supplied
N120 Y* .. traverse Y- value to be supplied, back to start
N125 G91 ..set absolute
N130 G00 Z-50 ..retract spindle to gauge ht., rapid
$ ..end of macro definition

Calling Parameter definition:

=*1 X*50 Y*50X*-50Y*-50

Additional features
REFLECTION
Part programming and Tooling
Cutter diameter compensation
Difficult to ascertain where cutting takes place on some
cutters
Part programming and Tooling
Cutter diameter compensation
Difference in programmed and actual cutter sizes will
give incorrect size components.