MOLAR

PREGNANCY
and
TURNER’S
SYNDROME
Molar Pregnancy

- is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable

fertilized egg implants in the uterus and will fail to come to term

- also known as hydatidiform mole

- abnormal growth of trophoblasts, the cells that normally develop

into the placenta

Causes
A molar pregnancy is caused by an abnormally fertilized egg. Human cells
normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair
comes from the father, the other from the mother.
TWO TYPE OF MOLAR PREGNANCY
Complete molar pregnancy, an empty egg is fertilized by one or two sperm,
and all of the genetic material is from the father. In this situation, the
chromosomes from the mother's egg are lost or inactivated and the father's
chromosomes are duplicated.

Partial or incomplete molar pregnancy, the mother's chromosomes remain

but the father provides two sets of chromosomes. As a result, the embryo
has 69 chromosomes instead of 46.
Symptoms
Dark brown to bright red vaginal bleeding during the first
trimester, Severe nausea and vomiting, Sometimes vaginal
passage of grapelike cysts, Pelvic pressure or pain

Treatment
uterine suction or by surgical curettage
Turner’s Syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS), also known 45,X, or 45,X0, is a genetic condition

in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome
CAUSES

Turner syndrome is caused by a female having one normal X

chromosome in each of her cells, while the other sex chromosome is
either missing or structurally abnormal. Females without Turner syndrome
have 2 full X chromosome in all of their cells, and males have one X
chromosome and one Y chromosome. The missing genetic material
affects development before and after birth.
Symptoms of Turner
Syndrome

Short stature and non-functioning ovaries

which causes infertility,
some women may also have extra skin on
the neck (webbed neck),
puffiness or swelling (lymphedema) of the
hands and feet,
skeletal abnormalities, heart defects, high
blood pressure, and kidney problems.
Treatment

Somatropin (r-DNA) for injection (Brand name: Humatrope) 

Somatropin (r-DNA) for injection (Brand name: Nutropin AQ)

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_pregnancy

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20
375175

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_syndrome

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7831/turner-syndrome

https://deepwebpharm.com/product/buy-online-humatrope-lilly-12mg-36iu/

https://www.hghsomatotropin.com/product/nutropin-aq/

https://www.medicinenet.com/turner_syndrome/article.htm

https://nurseslabs.com/turner-syndrome/