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Changing Trends in Hospital Care Preventive, Promotive
Changing Trends in Hospital Care Preventive, Promotive
Changing Trends in Hospital Care Preventive, Promotive
in hospital care
preventive,
promotive and
curative aspects
of child health
INDEX
▪ Introduction
▪ Modern trends/modern concepts of hospitalized child
1. Visiting 2. Rooming-in 3.Care by Parent Units 4.Parent Support Groups 5. Self-care
5.Hospital Based and free Standing Facilities for 6. Minor Surgical Care 7. Pediatric Unit
▪ The hospitals are necessary places for providing the health care of
ill children. Previously, the care of ill child used to be completed at
their birth places or at their homes. Nowadays, the hospitals have
become a necessary organ of health chain, where all types of
health professionals can easily be made available.
▪ Previously, many young adults will remember their time spent in
the hospital with fear and trembling because of the loneliness and
pain they felt at an age when they could not cope alone with these
feelings. Nowadays needless to say, practices in use, in some
hospital today have changed little over the past 20 years.
This is based on preventive, promotive, curative aspects of
the child health. There are modern trends/modern concepts
of hospitalized child which are as follows:
1. Visiting
▪ In earlier days, parents were permitted to visit their hospitalized child for only 1
hour once a month. Children were deprived from parental love. Today, many
hospital permits visiting from 2 to 8pm or from early in the morning to bed
time, while some hospital have flexible unlimited visiting at any time during
the day or night.
▪ If parents are unable to visit the child frequently , grandparents, aunts, uncles
or babysitters may visit instead.
Content
▪ Parents should never be required to stay at a child’s bed side, but they are not
prohibited from doing so if they desire.
▪ The parents who stay during the day time in the pediatric unit, some hospital provide a
comfortable lounge or waiting room where they can relax. In some institution, meals
can be served to the parents in the child’s room so they can eat with their child or they
may eat in the hospital cafeteria or coffee shop. Food may be brought from home for
the child if there are no dietary restrictions and if the policy of the institutions permits.
▪ Parents usually mothers of seriously ill children may be encouraged to stay in the
hospital if they desire to do so and if facilities are available for their comfort. Some
hospital have rooms such as playroom in the pediatric unit where the parents may
sleep. Some hospitals have a wing of the hospitals or a motel type of accommodation
for parents and other relatives. The parents may sleep on a chair, a cot, a folding bed, or
a convertible chair in the child’s room if it is large enough
3. Care by Parent Units
▪ Some hospitals have care by-patient unit or family participation unit with
the child. This method of care has its root in the orient, where the whole
family becomes involved with the care of the sick. In this system, the
child gets attention when it is needed each day from a familiar person,
under the supervision of the nurse. When the parents are near, children
can continue to learn to grow throughout the hospital experience. In
these units, parents may be too anxious or guilty or just may not want to
participate in the care of their children in the hospital, others may
welcome the opportunity to give their children a sense of security through
their presence.
4. Parent Support Groups
▪ Many support groups for parents meet outside the hospital, some hospital
started within the hospital for parents of hospitalized children. Such group
may be conducted by nurses, by play therapist or by child life programme
staff. In these groups, a non-threatening atmosphere is provided, where
parents may feel comfortable enough to move away from the hospital routine
and ventilate their feelings and concerns to relieve their anxiety and stress
5. Self-care
1. Private care:
▪ A physician, either a pediatrician or a general practitioners, provide care
for children in the home and in the hospital when necessary. Many
pediatrician work closely with pediatric nurse practitioners on a collegial
basis in providing such care. Parents feel more secure if they can
telephone the office of a known physician or a pediatric nurse practitioner
about any problems of the child. For this reason, usually a specific time is
set aside each day when such calls can be received. Telephone calls
concerning emergencies are handled at any time of the day or night.
Before advice can be given over the telephone, the parents’ capabilities
in describing symptoms and in providing care must be known
2. Ambulatory care
▪ Ambulatory care facilities should provide a needed range or a services, be locally
accessible, and focus on health promotion, illness prevention and health maintenance.
▪ Quality pediatric health care can be given in neighborhood health centre or clinics, out-
patients department of hospitals, emergency facilities and hospital based or free
standing facilities for surgical care.
3. Neighborhood Health Centre or Clinic
▪ The neighborhood or clinics are primarily concerned with the care of children and the
guidance of their parents. If sickness occurs, the child may be cared at the clinic for a mild
temporary illness or referred to another facility in further treatment.
4. Emergency Facilities
▪ The advantage of care given in an ambulatory setting is that the child does not have to
remain away from home for more than a few hours, resulting in less trauma and family
disturbance and less chance of infection from seriously ill children in the inpatient
hospital setting. Parents must assume responsibility for the pre-operative routine
preparation usually carried out by nurses in the hospital including post-operative are:
6. Pediatric Unit
▪ Newborn and pediatric intensive care unit for the critically ill are found in
many pediatric hospitals and the large pediatric departments in general
hospital in some states. Newborn infants who are critically ill are transferred
from local hospital to these centers for care. These units based on electrical
instrument related to vital signs and other physiology of newborn and
pediatric.
8. Intermediate Care Unit
▪ Here children who have been in the intensive care can be moved if their conditions
have improved. These children may still be too ill for care in a standard pediatric unit.
9.The Pediatric Research Center
▪ Some children’s hospital have pediatric research centers where little understood
diseases are under investigation. These centers give nurses an opportunities to provide
comprehensive care to children.
10.Outpatient department’s hospitals.
▪ Parents who bring a child to the outpatient clinic may feel not only
anxious about the child’s condition. But also guilty about their possible
role in causing the illness. The nurse can help parents discuss feelings
openly and alleviate some distress.
▪ A play area is essential in the outpatient clinic, so that the child’s
attentions can be diverted and parents can have time for a conference
with the nurse.
Summary
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