RESEARCH

POPULATION
& SAMPLE
Population Vs Sample
 Types of sampling

Probability Non-probability
Simple random
Convenience sampling
sampling
Systematic
Quota sampling
sampling

Stratified sampling Purposive sampling

Cluster sampling Snowball sampling

Probability sampling
1. Simple random sampling
Each member of the population
under study has an equal right of
being selected
2. Systematic sampling
This method is a modified form of a
simple random sampling. It involves
selecting subjects from a population list
in a systematic rather than a random
fashion. (e.g. from a population of 2000,
a sample of 100 is required, then every
twentieth person can be selected)
3. Stratified sampling
Involves dividing the population into
homogeneous groups, each group
containing subjects with similar
characteristics. (male females, the
proportion can be represented)
4. Cluster sampling
Non- probability sampling
1. Convenience
Including people who are available,
volunteer, or can be easily recruited in
the sample. Involving those who are
willing to participate.
We can’t generalize the findings as not
everyone has an equal chance of being
included in the sample.
2. Quota sampling
The researcher determines the
appropriate sample sizes or quotas
for the groups identified as
important and takes convenience
samples from those groups.
3. Purposive sampling
The researcher specifies the
characteristics of the population
of interest and locates
individuals with those
characteristics.
4. Snowball sampling
Each research participant is
asked to identify other potential
research participants.