Islamiat Project

The History
 Isaac Newton
An extraordinary genius and proficient physicist, mathematician,
astronomer and alchemist, Sir Isaac Newton is considered to be the greatest
and the most influential scientist who ever lived. One of the paramount
contributors of the 17th century Scientific Revolution, he developed the
principles of modern physics which he laid out in his book, ‘Philosophiae,
Natrualis, Principia Mathematica’. Popularly known as Principia, the book
highlighted the concepts of universal gravitation and laws of motions which
remained at the forefront of science for centuries after. Furthermore, he
worked on and developed the theory of color. He was the first to lay out the
fact that color is an intrinsic property of light and that when reflected,
scattered or transmitted, a white light decomposed into numerous colors
that are visible in the spectrum or in the rainbow. He was responsible for
building the first practical telescope. Newton also contributed to the study
of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer
exponents, and developed method for approximating the roots of a
function. Apart from all the aforementioned, Newton made noteworthy and
substantial contribution in the field of alchemy and theology as well.
 Pharaoh
During the reign of Thutmose III (circa 1479–1425 BC) in the New Kingdom, after
the foreign rule of theHyksos during the Second Intermediate Period
, pharaoh became the form of address for a person who was king. [5]
The earliest instance where pr-aa is used specifically to address the ruler is in a
letter to Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), who reigned circa 1353–1336 BC, which is
addressed to 'Pharaoh, all life, prosperity, and health!.[6] During the 
eighteenth dynasty (16th to 14th centuries BC) the title pharaoh was employed as
a reverential designation of the ruler. About the late twenty-first dynasty (10th
century BC), however, instead of being used alone as before, it began to be added
to the other titles before the ruler's name, and from the twenty-fifth dynasty
(eighth to seventh centuries BC) it was, at least in ordinary usage, the only epithet
prefixed to the royal appellative.[7]
From the nineteenth dynasty onward on its own was used as regularly
as 'Majesty'. The term, therefore, evolved from a word specifically referring to a
building to a respectful designation for the ruler, particularly by the 
twenty-second dynasty and twenty-third dynasty.[citation needed]
For instance, the first dated appearance of the title pharaoh being attached to a
ruler's name occurs in Year 17 of Siamun on a fragment from the Karnak Priestly
Annals.
 Rumi
Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi was a 13th century Persian poet, an
Islamic dervish and a Sufi mystic. He is regarded as one of the
greatest spiritual masters and poetical intellects. Born in 1207 AD,
he belonged to a family of learned theologians. He made use of
everyday life’s circumstances to describe the spiritual world.
Rumi’s poems have acquired immense popularity, especially
among the Persian speakers of Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikistan.
Numerous poems written by the great poet have been translated
to different languages. Rumi was a disciple of Sayyed Burhan ud-
Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, one of his father’s students. Rumi was a
disciple of Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, one of his
father’s students. Under the guidance of Sayyed Termazi, he
practiced Sufism and acquired a lot of knowledge about spiritual
matters and secrets of the spirit world. After the demise of
Bahaduddin, in 1231 AD, Rumi inherited his father’s position and
became a prominent religious teacher. He preached in the
mosques of Konya. By the time Rumi reached the age of 24, he had
proven himself as a well-informed scholar in the field of religious
science.
 Abdullah
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was the King of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to
2015 and the third wealthiest head of state in the world. He was also the
custodian of Two Holy Mosques during his reign and served as the Prime
Minister of the Council of Ministers and Commander of the National
Guard. Born as one of the many sons of Saudi Arabia's founding king,
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, he developed a profound respect for religion, history
and the Arab heritage from an early age. He was chosen by King Faisal to
command the National Guard and later became the Second Deputy Prime
Minister upon the succession of King Khalid. When King Fahd ascended the
throne, Abdullah was named Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister,
next in the line of throne. After King Fahd suffered a massive stroke in
1995, Abdullah assumed the role of the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia until
ascending the throne a decade later, after King Fahd’s death. In 2005,
Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud became the King of Saudi Arabia and ruled
in his own right until his death. As the King, he played a leading role in
promoting dialogue among the world’s leading faiths and also sought to
resolve conflicts in the Arab and Islamic world. He had 30 wives and
fathered 35 children. He encouraged large-scale infrastructural
development in Saudi Arabia and worked for regional peace, stability and
security during his reign
 Akbar
Akbar was born as Abu’I-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar on October 14,
1542 at the Rajput fortress of Umerkot in Sindh (in present-Pakistan), to
Mughal emperor Humayun and his teenage wife, Hamida Banu Begum.Akbar
was one of the most powerful emperors of the Mughal Dynasty and the
greatest Muslim ruler who built a large empire expanding over most of the
Indian subcontinent. Right from the age of 13 when he took over the reins of
the Mughal Empire, he conquered and subjugated territories and states in the
northern, western and eastern regions, especially Punjab, Delhi, Agra,
Rajputana, Gujarat, Bengal, Kabul, Kandahar and Baluchistan, to bring most of
India under his control. Despite being illiterate, he possessed exceptional
knowledge in almost all subjects. He earned high respect from his non-
Muslim subjects, mainly due to his adoption of policies that created a
peaceful atmosphere in his diverse empire. He also re-organized taxation
systems, divided his army following the mansabdari system, and established
foreign relations with the West. Being a patron of art and culture, he got a
number of literature books written in various languages and constructed
numerous architectural masterpieces during his reign, such as Agra Fort,
Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri, Humayun Tomb, Allahabad Fort, Lahore Fort,
and his own mausoleum at Sikandra. He started a new sect ‘Din-i-Ilahi’ by
deriving elements from various religions.