19 Century

th

Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
 Topics
 Overview
 19th Century Neo-Classicism
 19th Century Gothic Revival
 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts (School of Art)
19 Century Architecture
th

 19th century architecture is one of the

most varied periods
 Neo-Classicism and Romanticism
encouraged revivals of many historic
styles
 Gothic
 Greek

 Islamic

 Byzantine

 Early Christian
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 –
1841)
 The most recognized figure in German
Neo-Classical style in the 19th century
 Most famous structure is the Altes
Museum in Berlin
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 Altes Museum
 Built in 1823 – 1828
 Features
 Long, rectangular plan
 Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the
Pantheon
 A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the
façade
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837)
 Leading architect of the 19th century
Neo-Classical movement in England
 Considered a highly individual architect
whose work features Romantic qualities
 Notable structure
 13 Lincoln Inn Fields
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 13 Lincoln Inn Fields
 John Soane’s home
 Is now a museum

 Features
 Diverse array of spaces and levels
 Articulated wall planes

 Reflected by multiple flat and convex

mirrors
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 Benjamin Harry Latrobe
 The United States first professional
architect
 Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to
continue work on the U.S. Capitol
 Key structures
 U.S. Capitol
 Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism
 U.S. Capitol
 Latrobe completed the north and south
wings
 Introduced his own work for the
American style
 Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the
Senate Chamber
 Corn-cob capitols in the north basement
vestibule
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Neo-
Classicism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century Gothic
Revival
 The Romantic Movement acquired a
more serious tone with emergence
of the Gothic Revival in the 19th
century
 Led by the English architect Augustus
Welby Northmore Pugin
 19th Century Gothic
Revival
 Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
(1812 – 1852)
 Leading Gothic revivalist in England
 Was a convert to Catholicism

 Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of

moral and religious values from the
past
 Felt these traits were missing in the present
 19th Century Gothic
Revival
 Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
(1812 – 1852)
 The True Principles of Pointed or
Christian Architecture
 Published in 1841
 Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic
architecture
 Regarded Gothic as the “only correct
expression of the (Christian) faith, wants,
and climate”
 19th Century Gothic
Revival
 Richard Upjohn
 The first American architect to follow
Pugin’s principles
 First major commission was the Trinity
Church in New York City, NY
 19th Century Gothic
Revival
 Trinity Church, New York City, NY
 Designed for a growing and wealthy
congregation
 Used Decorated Gothic for the church

 Features
 Extended chancel
 Raised altar

 Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather

than stone
19th Century Gothic
Revival

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic
Revival

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century Gothic
Revival

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts
 School of Art in France
 The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France
decided that Classical architecture
should supersede Gothic architecture
in France during the 19th century
 Designed to provide training for
students who had usually completed
secondary studies and passed an
entrance exam
 19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts
 Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895)
 The first American to attend the Ecole Des
Beaux-Arts
 After his return to New York, he
established a practice that prospered
greatly until his death
 Major structures
 The Breakers, Newport
 Biltmore, Asheville

 Base of the Statue of Liberty

 19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts
 The Breakers,
Newport, Rhode
Island
 Structure built for
the Vanderbilt
family in Rhode
Island

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts
 Biltmore,
Asheville, North
Carolina
 A hunting lodge
built for the
Vanderbilt’s

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts
 Base of the Statue
of Liberty
 1880

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
19th Century: The Ecole
Des Beaux-Arts

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html
 References
 Sullivan, Mary;
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
 http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt
1.html
 Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From
Prehistory to Postmodernity
 Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western
Architecture
19 Century
th

Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp