SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION

Presented by,

S.BOOBALAN
Assistant Professor
Date: 20 - Sept. - 2019
Dept. of EEE
AGENDA
Mr. CEO
 Communication

• Communication
• Types
–Serial
–parallel
 Communication Protocols in
Embedded Systems
• Embedded System is an electronic system or device
which employs both hardware and software.
• A processor or controller takes input from the
physical world peripherals like sensors, actuators
etc., processes the same through appropriate
software and provides the desired output.
 Protocol
Protocol
A set of rules and regulations is called a protocol
Communication
Exchange of information from one system to
another system with a medium is called a communication
Communication Protocol
A set of rules and regulations that allow two
electronic devices to connect to exchange the data with
one and another
 Two types of
communication protocols
  Two types of
communication protocols
Inter System Protocol:

Intra System Protocol

Remote Control &
Instrument
 Instrument & Interfaces and
Protocols

Types of Communication
Protocols

• Serial Communication Protocols

• Parallel Communication Protocols
 Serial Communication Protocols

• RS232
• RS 422
• RS 485
• USB standards
 RS 232
Recommend Standard
RS 232 pin configuration
 RS 232
• The RS-232(X) is a serial communication protocol,
commonly used for transferring and receiving the serial
data between two devices.
• A serial port sends and receives one-bit data at a time
over one wire and it transfers data very slowly
• It supports both synchronous and asynchronous data
transmissions.
• Many devices in the industrial environment are still using
RS-232 communication cable.
• Rs-232 cable is used to identify the difference of two
signal levels between logic 1 and logic 0.
 RS 232
• The RS-232 cable works at different baud rates like 9600
bits/s, 2400bits/s, 4800bits/s etc.
• The logic 1 is represented by the -12V and logic 0 is
represented the +12V. 
• The RS-232 cable has two terminal devices namely Data
Terminal Equipment and Data communication Equipment.
Both devices will send and receives the signals.
• The data terminal equipment is a computer terminal and
data communication Equipment is modems, or controllers
etc.
 RS 232

• The most commonly used type of serial cable connectors

are 9-pin connectors DB9 and 25-pin connector DB-25.
• Each of them may be a male or female type.

• Nowadays most of the computers use the DB9 connector

for asynchronous data exchange.
• The maximum length of RS-232 cable is 50ft.
Simple Example
Data Pins
 Control Pins

5 GND Ground (Used as reference for all

pin voltage pulses)
Pin Mode Operation

• CONTROL pins
• DATA pins
 Advantage of RS - 232
• RS232 uses Asynchronous communication so no clock is shared between
PC and MODEM.
• Logic ‘1’ on pin is stated by voltage of range ‘-15V to -3V’ and Logic
‘0’ on pin is stated by voltage of range ‘+3V to +15V’.
• The logic has wide voltage range giving convenience for user.
• MAX232 IC can be installed easily to establish RS232 interface with
microcontrollers.
• Full duplex interface of RS232 is very convenient.
• Two pin simplex RS232 interface can also be established easily if
required.
• A maximum data transfer speed of 19 Kbps(Kilobits per second) is
possible through RS232
• A maximum current of 500mA can be drawn from pins of RS232
• The interface can be established up to a distance of 50 feet.
 Disadvantages of RS232
• There is no pin dedicated for powering devices (No VCC)
• More communication pins
• Switching voltages between +15v and -15v is difficult at
higher speeds
• A maximum speed of 19 Kbps
• A maximum distance of 50 feet
• More pins lead to higher noise
• Only a single device can be connected to RS232
connector unlike I2C
• Need hardware to convert high voltage logic of RS232 to
be compatible to TTL (controller and processor units)
 Applications

• Personal Computers
• Modems
• Servers
• Memory devices
• Motor control units
• Printers and Scanners
• Telephone lines
Thank you…