Communication Models

Maria B. Cequena, Ph. D.

 Questions?

• What is the importance of

communication in our daily life?

• Why do we have to hone our

communication skills in English?
 Defining Communication

• The process of expressing ideas and

information as well as influencing others
through the spoken word
( Calhoun & Flanders, 2009)
 Basic Interpersonal
Communication Model

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Communicator /
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Receiver /
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Event
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/ Message /
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X
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/ • Context /
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• Affect /
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Perceptual screens Perceptual screens

Influence message quality, accuracy, clarity

Include age, gender, values, beliefs, culture,
experiences, needs
The Shannon and Weaver
Communication Model
Modified S&W Model of
Human Communication
Components of Communication

• Sender (Speaker) – the one who

conveys the message

• Message – information received by the

listener from the speaker

(Antonio, Litao & Madrunio, 2011)

Components of Communication

• Channel – the medium by which the

message is communicated

• Receiver – the one who listens and

received the conveyed message

(Antonio, Litao & Madrunio, 2011)

Components of Communication

• Noise – anything that obstructs the

understanding of message (Antonio,
Litao & Madrunio, 2011)

• Situation – refers to the time, place, and

the reason why the communication is
happening (Halliday & Hasan, 1985)
Components of Communication

• Sender (Speaker) – the one who

conveys the message

• Message – information received by the

listener from the speaker
 Noise in the Modified
Shannon and Weaver Model
• Physical:
– Occurrences in the physical surroundings or
in the media that can distort a message
• Physiological:
– Physical discomfort in the body of either the
sender or the receiver
• Psychological:
– Negative feelings in the mind of either the
sender or the receiver
 Noise, cont’d

• Perceptual
– Incorrect perceptions of the message and
the receiver by the sender, and vice-versa
• Semantic
– Misinterpretation of words and sentences
by the sender or receiver
 Berlo’s SMCRN Model

• SOURCE
• MESSAGE
Five elements in the
• CHANNEL communication
process

• RECEIVER
• NOISE
 Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.

• SOURCE
– Communication skills
– Attitudes
– Knowledge
– Social system
– Culture
 Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.

• MESSAGE
– Content
– Elements
– Treatment
– Structure
– Code
 Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.

• CHANNEL
– Seeing
– Hearing
– Touching
– Smelling
– Tasting
 Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.

• RECEIVER
– Communication skills
– Attitudes
– Knowledge
– Social system
– Culture
 Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.

• RECEIVER
– Communication skills
– Attitudes
– Knowledge
– Social system
– Culture
Berlo’s SMCRN Model
Components of Communication
 Activity

• Group work (4 members each)

• Present an event or a situation where

communication takes place. Role play it
in class.
• (5-6 minutes – preparation)
• (2 – minutes – presentation)