Types of Solids

Solids
Amorphous Solid

Crystalline Solid
 Classes of Solids
AMORPHOUS SOLID
 Have poorly defined shapes because their particles lack long-range
ordering throughout the sample.

 Examples are asphalt, rubber, glass, and plastic. These solids are the
results of the melting, cooling, and solidifying of liquids before the
particles can achieve internal order, (like glass) or having large
molecules that are tangled together (like rubber and plastic.)
 do not have sharp melting points
 Classes of Solids

CRYSTALLINE SOLID
 Itis a solid in which the constituent particles (atoms,
ions, or molecules) have an orderly arrangement
 ithas regularly arranged structure units with
characteristic geometric forms
 crystals
show regular shapes which reflect the
arrangement of the particles within them.
Crystalline
Solids
Types of Crystalline
Solids
1. Atomic Solids
2. Molecular Solids
3. Ionic Solids
4. Metallic Solids
5. Network Covalent Solids
1. Atomic Solids
 atoms held together by
dispersion forces
 the noble gasses ( group 8A(18))
are the only examples Cubic closest packing of
 intensive properties are all very frozen argon (face-
centered cubic unit cell)
low
2. Molecular Solids
 which have molecules as
constituent particles as well as
structure units
 weak van der Waals forces,
dipole-dipole, and H-bonding The diatomic molecules
are at work of iodine in the crystals
of the solid
2. Molecular Solids
 have relatively higher
melting points than atomic
solids but still relatively
weak than those of ionic,
metallic and network
covalent
3. Ionic Solids
 the unit cell contains particle with whole charges
 interparticle forces (ionic bond)
 have ions as constituent particles. This is exemplified
by the sodium chloride crystal. The oppositely charged
Na+ and Cl– ions arrange themselves in a regular three-
dimensional pattern of a crystal lattice.
3. Ionic Solids
 high melting points and low
electrical conductivities
4. Metallic Solids
 Holds metallic solids
 Highelectrical and thermal
conductivity, luster and
malleability
Result from the presence of
delocalized electrons
4. Metallic Solids
 Metallic solids can be thought of as three dimensional
arrays of metal cations embedded into a matrix of
negative charges.
 The merged electrons of the valency level act as a
mobile electron cloud surrounding them.
 Bonding attractions extend uniformly in all directions.
This type of structure, in general, is easily deformed
which explains why metals are malleable and ductile.
5. Network
Covalent

solids
are giant molecules or macromolecules. They consist
of very large numbers of atoms linked by a network of
covalent bonds.
 mica and graphite
 In another crystalline form of carbon, diamond, the
atoms are linked by covalent bonds in three
directions. In effect, the entire crystal is a single
molecule.
Fullerene Structure Diamond Structure Graphite Structure