AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER

• All the generating units will change their generation in

response to the load change, irrespective of the location of the
load.
• Restoration of the system frequency to the scheduled value
requires supplementary control to change the load reference
set point.
• This secondary control is called AUTOMATIC GENERATION
CONTROL (AGC)
• The controller should satisfy the following:
 Stable closed loop control operation
 Keep frequency deviation to a minimum
 Divide the load economically.
 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
This is achieved by adding a PI controller in the feedback path to
change load reference setting depending on frequency deviation.
 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER

• The signal generated by integral

controller must be of opposite sign to
Δω(s)
• For decrease in frequency Δω(s) the
generation must increase
• ΔPref (s) must be positive.
• Hence the integral block is shown with a
negative sign
 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
Two feedback paths which are in parallel can be combined
together as shown
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER
 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROLLER

• Now for a step change in load , change in frequency is given by

Δω(s)=ΔPL(s)/s

• And steady state frequency deviation is obtained by applying final value theorem

• Lim s 0(s Δω(s)) =0.

• The frequency error is known as AREA CONTROL ERROR (ACE).