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Lec 1
Lec 1
Lecture#1
Orientation, Current and Voltage,
Electronic Components,
Passive and Active Components,
Resistor
Course Outline
WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE ON GROUP
Important
Maintain good attendance, late comers will face loss in sessional
marks.
You will submit your assignments in soft form and they will be
checked for plagiarism.
Orientation
Orientation
Every computer device we use today such as laptops, mobile devices etc., all
have some basic building blocks in Them. These basic building blocks are
actually electronic components and we will investigate about them in this
course.
Charge, Electric Current
&
Electric Voltage
Atom
Definition: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that has the properties of a
chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of atoms.
Atom has:
• Electrons with negative charge.
• Proton with positive charge
• Nucleus with no charge or neutral
Structure of An Atom
Electric Charge
Charge
Definition: An Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it
to experience a force.
There are two types of charges:
• Positive Charge (On Proton)
• Negative Charge (On electron)
• Same charges repel ,opposite charge attract.
Charge
Electrons will be attracted by?
• A positive charge.
• Or a matter which is positively charged.
Electric Current
Current
Definition: An electric current is a flow of electric charge per unit
time.
• A charge can be positive, negative and neutral.
• So which flow of charge can create current?
• If “electrons” flows, we will have current.
• But positive charges flow can also create current.
Current: Important!
Remember, current will only be created only if
charges will move. If charge is static or is not
moving, we will have no current.
• So how we can move charge?
Current: Important!
• Every matter in the universe have charges.
• If we can move these charges, we will have current.
• The piece wire below have electrons in it, but how to move those
electrons?
Current: Important!
• We can move these charges by applying voltage.
• Just like when we open a water tape water starts to flow, in the
same we just need to apply voltage to make the charges flow.
Current: Important!
• Now imagine water as charges and voltage as
valve that we need to open to make the water(or
in this case charges) flow.
Electric Voltage or Potential
Difference
Voltage
Definition: Electrical voltage is defined as electric potential difference between
two points.
• Voltage is the pressure from an electrical power source that pushes charged
electrons (current) through a conducting
• A battery creates a voltages that pushes the electron.
Voltage
To understand voltage or potential difference, consider following example:
• When we are at bottom of stairs, potential is low.
• When we are at top of stairs, potential is high
• But to move on stairs, we need energy.
Voltage
• Similarly electron is at lower potential and we need to move it at higher
potential to generate current.
• But if an electron is at lower potential, it cannot move.
• So we need to take electron from lower potential to higher potential so that
it can move, and hence current will be produced.
• More is the potential difference, more will be the energy required to over
the charge to higher potential.
Voltage
• This is what happens when we charge a battery.
• We move all electrons to higher potential, and then when it discharges,
electrons moves to lower potential and we have current.
Voltage: Important
• Negative mean low potential or low voltage.
• Positive mean high potential or high voltage.
• Electron moves from low(negative) to high(positive) potential.
How charges flow due to voltage.
Slide 26
Summary
Summary
Charge: An Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to
experience a force.
Active Components:
Diode, Transistor, I.C
Electronic Logic Circuits etc.
Components
Passive Components:
Resistor, Inductor,
Capacitor.
Active And Passive Electronics Components
Capacitor
Resistor
Resistor
• Imagine traffic as charges and speed breaker as a resistor that oppose these
traffic or charges.
Resistor
Definition: A resistor is a passive electronic component which resists or limit
the flow of current by opposing flow of electrons.
Resistors are used in a wide variety of applications in all types of electronic
circuits.
Their main function in any circuit is to limit the amount of current or to
produce a desired drop in voltage.
Ohm’s Law
Definition: Ohm’s Law States that the amount of voltage V , is
directly proportional to the current I given the resistance R remains
constant.
• Variable Resistors
Fixed Resistors
Definition: These Resistors have fixed resistance value and
they limit fixed amount of current in a circuit.
Variable Resistors
Definition: These Resistors have variable resistance value and they can limit
variable amount of current in a circuit.