METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL

PSYCHOLOGY
DR RITU TRIPATHI CHAKRAVARTY
WHO IS A
LEARNER?

Curious MIND

Seeker of Knowledge

Happy Soul
UNDERSTANDING
THE BASIS OF
VARIOUS METHODS
OF EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGISTS USE THE
SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO CONDUCT
THEIR RESEARCH. THE
SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS A
STANDARDIZED WAY OF MAKING
OBSERVATIONS, GATHERING DATA,
FORMING THEORIES, TESTING
PREDICTIONS, AND INTERPRETING
RESULTS. RESEARCHERS MAKE
OBSERVATIONS IN ORDER TO
DESCRIBE AND MEASURE
METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL

Experimental method is employed
in psychological science for testing
behaviour.

In designing a test a psychologist

deals with one variable at a time EXPERIMENTA
while the other variables are kept L METHOD
constant.

It enables a psychologist to have-

objective knowledge of the various
factors which influence the
behaviour of an individual.
GENERALLY THE • RESPONSES INCLUDE
STIMULUS OR THE
• (1) EXTERNAL BEHAVIOUR, E.G.,
CONDITIONS OF MOVEMENTS OF A RAT ALONG
THE ORGANISM THE PATHWAY OF A MAZE,
THAT IS VARIED IN • (2) PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES,
THE INDEPENDENT E.G., INCREASED HEARTBEAT,
VARIABLE OF AN ETC., AND
EXPERIMENT, AND • (3) SPEECH, E.G.,’ VERBAL
THE RESPONSES EXPRESSIONS OF THE
ARE ITS SUBJECT’S EXPER­IENCE, E.G.,
DESCRIPTIONS OF SENSATIONS,
DEPENDENT
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, ETC.
VARIABLES
 • THE EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD INVOLVES
MANIPULATING ONE
VARIABLE TO DETERMINE
SO BY IF CHANGES IN ONE
VARIABLE CAUSE
EXPERIMENT CHANGES IN ANOTHER
VARIABLE. THIS METHOD
METHOD WE RELIES ON CONTROLLED
MEAN METHODS, RANDOM
ASSIGNMENT AND THE
MANIPULATION OF
VARIABLES TO TEST A
HYPOTHESIS
LAB EXPERIMENTS FIELD
EXPERIMENTS
TYPES OF
EXPERIMENT
METHOD

QUASI-
EXPERIMENTS
( NATURAL
EXPERIMENTS)
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD
OBSERVATION METHOD

• THE OBSERVATION METHOD INVOLVES HUMAN

OR MECHANICAL OBSERVATION OF WHAT
PEOPLE ACTUALLY DO OR WHAT EVENTS TAKE
PLACE DURING A BUYING OR CONSUMPTION
SITUATION. “ INFORMATION IS COLLECTED
BY OBSERVING PROCESS AT WORK
 Complete Observer.
HERE ARE FOUR TYPES
OF
OBSERVATIONAL RESE
ARCH YOU CAN DO,
RANGING FROM Observer as Participant.
DETACHED OBSERVATI
ON WITH NO
PARTICIPATION ON YOUR
PART (COMPLETE
OBSERVER) TO Participant as Observer.
IMMERSING YOURSELF
COMPLETELY IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
(COMPLETE PARTICIPANT)
Complete Participant.
 SO WE CAN
UNDERSTAND
THE
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
OBSERVATION
METHOD
SOURCE OF IMAGE
HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/RAGHAVGURGAO
N/OBSERVATION-METHODS-AND-TECHNIQUES
 The clinical method is also called case study
method.

CLINICAL
It is used by clinical psychologists,
METHOD OF psychiatrists, psychiatric social works and
teachers in child guidance clinics or mental
EDUCATIONAL hygiene centers or in ordinary school
situations.

PSYCHOLOGY
Generally, we use this method when we want
to understand the causes and sources of
people’s fears, anxieties, worries, obsessions,
their personal, social, educational and
vocational maladjustments
 Basic preliminary information about the subject’s name,
age, sex, parent’s age, education, occupation as well as
social status.

STEPS OF Proper physical check-up of the individual is done to

CLINICAL ascertain whether his/her behavioural problem is due to

any disease. Only in the absence of any physical
ailment can psychological treatment start.

METHOD
The subject should be very comfortable with the
investigator while the latter takes the information. The
investigator (teacher or psychologist) should be friendly
and the language of collecting data must be simple so
that free and frank responses can be available.
 The investigator must not tire the subject; instead,
regular intervals of rest should be given. The
method cannot be applied hastily - it may go on for
several weeks or months.
STEPS OF
The behaviour of the individual should be observed
CLINICAL in natural setting and working conditions. Doing so
will provide correct data which ultimately in most

METHOD cases, will lead to proper understanding of the root

cause of the person’s problems.

CONTD Special care must be taken in the post treatment

period so that there is no recurrence of the problem.
The parents and family members and other
associates must take care so that the subject can
modify his behaviour and prevent maladjustment.
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
SOURCE:
/JOHNYKUTTYJOSEPH/INTRODUCTION-
AND-METHODS-OF-PSYCHOLOGY
 Differential psychology studies the ways
in which individuals differ in their behavior
DIFFERENTI and the processes that underlie it.
AL METHOD
OF This approach is applied
because psychological research depends
EDUCATION upon statistical controls that are only
AL defined upon groups of people.
PSYCHOLOG
Y  It is the method of studying the differences
within the same Individual or Between the
Individuals in Different Groups
 Correlational Study
WAYS OF Field Survey
USING
DIFFERENTIA
L METHOD Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional
Study
Helps to Determine the current trends

Used for solving current Problems and

Issues
ADVANTAGE
It is Futuristic in Nature AND
DISADVANTAGE
OF
But
DIFFERENTIAL
METHOD
There is the Possibility of Data

Lack Of understanding the method may

cause misleading interpretation of the
Data
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING

01
https://www.jstor.org/sta
02
http://www.kkhsou.i
03 04
ble/1472000?seq=1 http://www.
n/main/education/ps psychologydiscussion.net Crow and Crow,
ycology.html /notes/psychology-notes “Educational Psychology”,
/educational-psychology- Eurasia Publishing House,
psychology-notes/ New Delhi.
top-6-methods-of-educati
onal-psychology
/2373
THANK
YOU