Crude oil distillation and

secondary processes
GUIDED BY :- MR JIGESH MEHTA
MADE BY :-
RAHUL JINJALA 17SE02CH016 MITUL DUNGRANI 17SE02CH014
SMIT GARDESIA 17SE02CH015
Introduction

 A crude oil refinery is a group of industrial facilities that turns crude oil
and other inputs into finished petroleum products. A refinery's
capacity refers to the maximum amount of crude oil designed to flow
into the distillation unit of a refinery, also known as the crude unit.
 Crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, and the distillation
process aims to separate this crude oil into broad categories of its
component hydrocarbons, or "fractions." Crude oil is first heated and
then put into a distillation column, also known as a still, where different
products boil off and are recovered at different temperatures.
Continued

 Lighter products, such as butane and other liquid petroleum

gases (LPG), gasoline blending components, and naphtha, are
recovered at the lowest temperatures. Mid-range products include jet
fuel, kerosene, and distillates (such as home heating oil and diesel
fuel). The heaviest products such as residual fuel oil are recovered at
temperatures sometimes over 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Diagram
Refining of crude oil

 Refining of crude oil includes following process:-

1. Removal of impurities from crude oil
2. Pretreatment
3. Desalting of Crude Oil
Removal of Impurities
Pretreatment of crude oil
Desalting of crude oil

 It is a water washing operation performed at the

refinery for removal of the salts, like chlorides of
calcium,magnesium and sodium and other impurities
as these are corrosive in nature.
 Water washing removes much of the water soluble
minerals and entrained solids(impurities)
Crude Oil Distillation
Atmospheric Column

1) Preheating of Desalted crude

2) Pre-flash
3) Distillation
4) Stabilization of Naphtha
Diagram
Products of atmospheric distillation
Vacuum column or distillation

 The bottom product of atmospheric column is

fractionated In the vacuum column.
Distillation under vacuum permits
fractionation at lower temperature which
avoid cracking of the reduced crude oil and
cooking of furnace tube.
Product of Vacuum Distillation

1. Light gas oil

2. Heavy gas oil
3. Reduced crude oil
4. Light vacuum gas oil
5. Vacuum slops
6. Vacuum Residue
Bibliography

 www.nptel.ac.in
 https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=6970