NEQS Understanding

Compiled & Developed By: KHM

 Impacts of climate change on Pakistan

20% land of Pakistan was submerged due

Heat wave death toll in Sindh tops 1,500
to the 2010 floods (>1780 fatalities)

Thar Famine, 2014, more than 200 Glacier Lake Outburst flood, Chitral, 2015
children died
Climate Change / Global Warming
 A brief Journey of Environmental Laws in
Pakistan

• Environmental Pollution Control Organization (EPCO) was created in the year 1975 in the
Public Health Engineering Department, Punjab. EPCO focused on some areas of the
environment but detailed work and follow up was not possible due to its limited scope.

• On December 31, 1983 Under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, a provision
was made for the establishment of Provincial Environmental Protection Agency. In 1985, the
Federal Government was requested to delegate powers of the Agency to the Housing
Physical and Environmental Planning (HP&EP) Department. On July 1, 1987, Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Punjab was formed. Punjab is the first province where an EPA was
created in the best interest of citizens.

• On December 31, 1996, a separate administrative unit, Environment Protection Department

(EPD) was formed under the Government of the Punjab. EPA Punjab was then detached from
the HP&EP Department and now works as functional unit under the EPD, Punjab.
 
• On February 11, 1997 the Federal Government withdrew the existing Pakistan Environmental
Protection Ordinance (PEPO) of 1983 and declared the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Act (PEPA) 1997. The EPA, Punjab now undertakes functions as delegated under this Act.
 Domain of NEQS / PEQS
PEQS for Municipal & Liquid Industrial Effluents

PEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions

PEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise

PEQS for Ambient Air Quality

PEQS for Drinking Water

PEQS for Noise

PEQS for Treatment of Liquid & Disposal of Bio-medical waste by Incineration,

Autoclaving, Microwaving & Deep Burial
 PEQS for Municipal & Liquid Industrial Effluents

• Waste Water Quality should met 32 defined parameters

• The key parameters with their impact to be checked and must meet the
limits includes:
pH
In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Solutions
with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7
are basic or alkaline.

Free Ammonia
It is the amount of ammonia which is present in form of Ammonium hydroxide. The
ammonia molecules are trapped in between water molecules. These form a weak bond.
Ammonia can readily escape from the solution if either temperature is increased or
turbulence is made. EPA has set the NEQS for Free ammonia contents in effluents.

Total Ammonia
It is the amount of ammonia which is present in form of dissolved salts in the effluent.
It is found in form of chlorides, sulfates or nitrates. There is no regulation of total
ammonia.
TSS
TSS stands for Total Suspended Solids. These are the substances which do not pass the
filter medium and is retained on the surface. NEQS for TSS is 200 ppm.
TDS
TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids. These are the substances which are dissolved in form
of salts in the aqueous solution. NEQS for TDS are set to be 3500 ppm.

BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the oxygen used by microorganisms to
decompose this waste. If there is a large quantity of organic waste in the water supply,
there will also be a lot of bacteria present working to decompose this waste. In this case,
the demand for oxygen will be high (due to all the bacteria) so the BOD level will be high.
COD
It is a measure of the total quantity of oxygen required to oxidize all organic
material into carbon dioxide and water.

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) does not differentiate between biologically

available and inert organic matter.

NOTE

COD values are always greater than BOD values, but COD measurements can
be made in a few hours while BOD measurements take five days
 Punjab Environmental Quality Standard for
Municipal & Liquid Industrial Effluents
Sr. Into Inland Into Sewage PFL’s Waste Water Quality
No Parameter Water Treatment Performance
Temperature or < or = 3C
1 < or = 3C No non-compliance
Temperature Increase
Remained in b/w 8.5 to 9.5
2 pH Value 6-9 6-9
most of the times
Biological Oxygen
3 Demand (BOD at 20C) 80 250 No non-compliance
(BOD5)
Chemical Oxygen No non-compliance
4 150 400
Demand (COD)

5 Total Suspended Solids 200 mg/lit 400 mg/lit No non-compliance

(TSS)
6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/lit 3500 mg/lit Remained in b/w 5000-7000
7 Grease & Oil 10 mg/lit 10 mg/lit No non-compliance
 PEQS for Municipal & Liquid Industrial Effluents

Sr. Into Sewage PFL’s

No Parameter Into Inland Water Treatment Performance
No non-
8 Chlorides 1000 mg/lit 1000 mg/lit
compliance
Occasionally
9 Fluorides 10 mg/lit 10 mg/lit breaches limits
(max upto 20)
Always remained
10 Ammonia 40 mg/lit 40 mg/lit
high
 PEQS for Municipal & Liquid Industrial Effluents

• Assuming minimum dilution of 1:10 on discharge, lower ration would attract stringent
standards

• Temperature increase should not be more then 3C. If the zone is not defined, use 100
m from the point of discharge

• Dilution of liquid to meet PEQS values are not allowed

• The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the
effluent for calculating the PEQS limits
 SMART Rules 2001
• Under the SMART Rules -2001, each company have to report their effluents and
emission results through a software.

• The sampling of these emissions / effluents to be done through a certified

Environmental Lab

• Industries have been categorized both for Effluents and Emissions based on their
hazards of operations

• For Liquid Effluents, Category A industries will report to EPD on monthly basis.
However, if any industry which complies the NEQS consecutively for 02 years, can
start reporting on Quarterly basis.
Provided that:
a) there is no change in process, fuel type or raw material usage
b) operation period should not be less then 6 months, if less report on bi-
monthly basis
SMART RULES - 2001
SMART RULES - 2001

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 PEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions

• 16 parameters are defined for Emissions

• The key parameters with their impact to be checked and must meet the
limits includes:
 Punjab Environmental Quality Standard for
Industrial Gaseous Emissions
Sr. Parameter Source of Emission Standard PFL’s Emissions
No Performance
40% or 2 Ringleman
1 Smoke Smoke opacity not to exceed Scale or equivalent
smoke no.
a) Boilers & Furnaces
Oil Fired 300 mg/Nm3
Coal Fired 500 mg/Nm3
2 PM10 Cement Kilns 300 mg/Nm3
b) Grinder, Crushing, Clinker
Coolers, & related Processes,
500 mg/Nm3
converts, blast furnaces &
Cupolas
Sulfuric acid / Sulfonic acid plants 5000 mg/Nm3
Sulfur
3 Other plants except PP operating
Oxides 1700 mg/Nm3
on Oil and Coal
 Punjab Environmental Quality Standard for
Industrial Gaseous Emissions
Sr. PFL’s Emissions
Parameter Source of Emission Standard
No Performance
HNO3 manufacturing Unit 3000 mg/Nm3
Other plants except PP operating on Oil and Coal
Oxides of
4 Nitrogen Gas Fired 400 mg/Nm3
Oil Fired 600 mg/Nm3
Coal Fired 1200 mg/Nm3
 PEQS for Ambient Air

• 09 parameters are defined for Ambient Air Quality

• The key parameters with their impact to be checked

and must meet the limits includes:
 PEQS for Ambient Air Quality

Sr. Pollutant Time Weighted Average Conc. In Ambient Air PFL’s Emissions
No Performance
Annual Average 80 mg/Nm3
1 SOX
24 Hours 120 mg/Nm3
Oxides of Annual Average 80 mg/Nm3
2 Nitogen as
(NO) 24 Hours 120 mg/Nm3
Respirable Annual Average 120 mg/Nm3
3 PM10 24 Hours 150 mg/Nm3
Annual Average 1 mg/Nm3
4 Lead
24 Hours 1.5 mg/Nm3

24 Hourly Avg. should met 98% of the time during the year, 2% time in excess value
acceptable but not for 02 consecutive days
 PEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise

• 09 parameters are defined for Ambient Air Quality

• The key parameters with their impact to be checked

and must meet the limits includes:
 Punjab Environmental Quality Standard for
Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise
For In Use Vehicles
Sr. No Parameter Max. Permissible Limit
1 Smoke 40% or 2 on the Ringlemann Scale on acceleration mode
Carbon Mono
2 6%, during idle conditions
Oxide
3 Noise 85 db (A), from 7.5 m from the source
 PEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise

For New Vehicles (Petrol Driven)

Sr. Type of CO HC + NOx
Category
No Vehicle g/km g/km
Passenger M1: With refence mass upto 2500 Kg. Cars
1 with RW over 2500 Kg to meet NI category 2.2 0.5
Vehicles
standard
Motor 2,4 strokes < 125 CC 5.5 1.5
2 Rickshaws
or Motor 2,4 strokes > 125 CC
5.5 1.3
Cycles
3 Noise 85 db (A), from 7.5 m from the source

New Vehicle means for all vehicles after 1st July, 2009
 PEQS for Noise

Limits in db (A) LeqCategory

Sr. Category of Zone /
No Area Day Time Night Time

1 Residential Area 55 45
2 Commercial Area 65 55
3 Industrial Area 75 65
4 Silence Zone 50 45

• Day Time Hours 0600 Hrs to 2200 Hrs

• Silence Zone : An area comprising not less then 100 m around Hospital,
Educational Institutions & Courts
 PEQS for Drinking Water

The drinking water is gauged against the following 5 quality Parameters

a) Biological (01 Parameter)

b) Physical (07 Parameters)

c) Chemical (20 Parameters)

d) Organic (03 Parameters)

e) Radioactive (02 Parameters)

 PEQS for Treatment of Liquid and Disposal of Bio-medical
waste by Incineration, Autoclaving, Micro waving and
Deep Burying

All Bio-medical waste incinerators should meet the following operating & emission
standards:

Operating Standard

Combustion Efficiency should be atleast 99%.

Combustion Efficiency = %CO2 * 100

%CO2+%CO

• Minimum temperature of the Primary Chamber shall be 800 C

• The gas residence time at the 2ndry Chamber shall be atleast 1 sec. @ 1200 +/-50 C
with 3% O2 in the stack emissions
 PEQS for Treatment of Liquid and Disposal of Bio-medical
waste by Incineration, Autoclaving, Micro waving and
Deep Burying

Emission Standard:
Sr. No. Parameter Standard
1 Particulate Matter 50 mg/Nm3
2 Nitrogen Oxide expressed as NO2 400 mg/Nm3
3 HCl 50 mg/Nm3

4 Total Dioxin & Furans 0.1 ng TEQ / N3 @ 11%

O2
5 Hg & its compounds 0.05 mg/Nm3
 PEQS for Treatment of Liquid and Disposal of Bio-medical
waste by Incineration, Autoclaving, Micro waving and
Deep Burying
Deep Burial:

• Pit or Trench > 2m deep. Half filled with waste, covered with lime within 50 cm of the
surface before filling rest of the pit with soil

• Animals don’t have access to the burial site. Covers of Galvanized Iron or Wire Mesh
may be used

• Burial under close & dedicated supervision

• Pit should be impermeable and no shallow well in the vicinity

• Away from habitation and must be at a site where it would not become a source of
surface or ground contamination

• Location will be identified by PEPD

• Record of the pits developed will be maintained

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