OM SWASTYASTU

“MOON”
DWI ARDANIANSYAH
DWI ARDANINSYAH
1813071002

NI MADE WIDIANTARI
NI MADE WIDIANTARI
1813071011

PONIAH
1813071018
 Sub Topic
MOON ORBIT

THE PHASES OF MOON

SIDEREAL
SIDEREAL AND SYNODIC
AND SYNODIC PERIODS
PERIODS

MOON ROTATION
MOON ROTATION

MOON SIZE AND DISTANCE

PHYSICAL STATE OF THE MOON

ECLIPSE OF THE MOON

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MOON ORBIT
 MOON
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In accordance with Keppler I law, basically the

moon's orbit is elliptical and the earth is at one of its
focal points but the moon's orbital plane is tilted
about 5 ° to the ecliptic plane. This lunar path
intersects the ecliptic at two points on opposite sides
of the globe. These two points, A and B, are called
vertices of the lunar orbit, and the lines connecting
points A and B are called vertices.
Moon and ecliptic orbitals intersect at
two vertices A and B
with an angle of 5 degrees
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THE PHASES OF MOON

• Infographic StyleTHE PHASES OF MOON
Changes in the shape and appearance of the moon in
reflecting sunlight to the earth are called the phases of the
moon
When the moon and the sun are on the opposite side of
the earth or when the position of the moon's surface faces
the earth fully sunlight so that from the earth we see the
surface of the moon shining full or full. Whereas when the
moon and the sun are on the same side, the observer on
earth will see the crescent and at this time is called the new
moon phase.

the moon phase starts from the new moon, initial crescent,
first quartile, second crescent, full moon, third crescent,
The phases of the moon
quartile second, the final crescent
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SIDEREAL AND SYNODIC

PERIODS
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SIDEREAL AND SYNODIC PERIODS

The cider period is the time needed for the moon to evolve (one full orbital
of 3600 is 27.3 days. We use the cideris time to determine the length of
time the moon is circulated or the speed of the moon around the earth.

While the synodic period of the month is the length of time it takes the
month to start the phase from the initial phase to the final phase or from
the new moon to the new moon again takes 29.5 days. So we know two
types of moons, namely cideris moons, namely the period of the
revolution of the moon against the stars, and the synodic moon, which is
the period of the revolution of the moon against the sun.
the position of the moon in the sidereal (A) and
synodic (B) periods
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MOON ROTATION
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MOON ROTATION

At present the month rotates once every 27.3 days. Thus one day on the moon
is 27.3 days on earth or 27.3 times longer than on our planet. The surface of
the moon facing the earth is always the same surface, this is due to the moon
besides evolving around the earth, the moon also rotates on its axis with the
same rotation period as the revolutionary period. Likewise, there is another
side behind the moon that will always be invisible from the earth, which at all
times will always be facing away from the earth. In other words, if we stand on
the side of the moon visible from the earth, even though the moon rotates
while continuing to orbit around the earth, we will always be seen from the
earth
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MOON SIZE AND

DISTANCE
 MOON
• Infographic Style SIZE AND DISTANCE

In the sky, the moon and the sun appear to be

about the same size around ½ ° in the sky. While
the sun is 400 times bigger than the moon. With
the same appearance angle, that means the
distance of the sun is also 400 feet further than the
distance of the moon
MOON SIZE AND DISTANCE
A large astronomer from ancient Greece
named Ptolemaeus who lived around 140 AD
had carried out measurements of the distance
of the moon. The trick is with the parallaxis
method as below
Z

E θ M
Bumi A
Bulan
MOON SIZE AND DISTANCE

The mean angular diameter of the moon is 31 '5

"because the distance of the moon has been
determined, then the geometry can be determined
the diameter of the moon, as follows

diameter
0
θ bulan (d)
Pusat bumi 31’5” = 1865”
(pengamat)
 MOON
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Earth-moon is a double body system with a center of
mass called a barysenter. This barysenter point is
located 4672 km from the center of the earth. For
example the center of the earth E, center of the moon
M, and barysenter C, like the picture below.

r1 r2 By using a formula
M1 C
M2 M1 . r1 = M2 . r2
The image calculates the
Moon's Mass from the Earth-
Moon System
 MOON SIZE
PHYSICAL STATE OF THE MOON
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With a small trophy, we can already see the surface of the

moon more closely. On the surface of the Moon there are
thousands of craters formed by meteoroids that reach the
surface of the Moon. This large number of craters is due to
the Moon not having enough atmosphere to burn down these
meteoroids. The very small gravity of the moon is around 1.61
m / s2 and with an escape velocity of around 2.38 km / s (the
escape velocity on earth is 11.2 km / s) causing the air to
easily escape from the surface of the moon. Without air it is
not possible to have water on the surface of the moon, no
clouds, rain, snow, or fog. Therefore, without water and air,
the surface of the moon does not erode, so that the face of
the moon almost never changes, what was formed thousands
of millions of years ago has remained since its formation until
now.
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PHYSICAL
STATE OF THE
MOON
 GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MOON

Massa 7,35 x 1022 kg = 1/81,3 massa

Bumi
Diameter
3746 km = 1/3,7 diameter
Kerapatan rerata Bumi

Gravitasi permukaan 3,35 gr/cm3 = 61 % kerapatan

Bumi
Kecepatan lepas
1,61 m/s2 = 0,165 gravitasi
Periode rotasi: Bumi
Sideris 2,38 km/s

Sinodis  

Kemiringan sumbu 27,3 hari

kutub terhadap garis 29,5 hari
yang tegak lurus
 
orbitnya
6º
 TEMPERATURE ON
AIR AND WATER MOON SURFACE
THE MOON
The moon's surface can be
seen with the naked eye
Temperatures on the
by using a telescope.
moon's surface during
Galileo has found
the day can reach
Without air it is not mountains, craters,
110ºC and at night
possible to have water valleys, and broad plains
around -173ºC.
on the surface of the that look like the ocean,
Likewise, during an
moon, no clouds, rain, which is called Maria (Latin
eclipse, the
snow or fog means sea), for example a
temperature on the
face like a person bent on
surface of the moon
the moon is a very wide
experiences a
and flat plain and looks
temperature drop of
darker than the
more than 150ºC
surrounding conditions
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ECLIPSE OF THE
MOON
A moon eclipse is a phenomena of
the moon disc entering the earth's
shadow cone, so that the moon disc
appears dark. A lunar eclipse event
occurs when the shadow of the
earth falls on the moon or the
shadow of the moon falls on the
earth. That happens when the earth
is between the sun and moon in the
same straight line.
 TYPES OF MOON ECLIPSES
TOTAL MOON ECLIPSE
A total moon eclipse occurs
when shadows from the
earth's surface remain
perfectly closed to the moon
surface so that there is
absolutely no sunlight
reflected on the earth. The
total moon eclipse will make
the moon appear to disappear
slowly and eventually become
completely black. In this total
lunar eclipse, the moon will
be right
 TYPES OF MOON ECLIPSES
Partial Eclipse of the Moon

In this eclipse, not all

parts of the moon are
blocked from the sun by
the earth. While some
other lunar surfaces are
in the penumbra area.
So that there is still
some sunlight that
reaches the surface of
the moon or can be said
only a part of the moon
that enters through the
umbra.
 TYPES OF MOON ECLIPSES
Penumbra Eclipse

In this eclipse, all

parts of the moon
are in the
penumbra or moon
only through the
penumbra. So that
the moon can still
be seen with a
bleak color
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CONCLUSION
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