L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1

DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

Burial Systems of primitive human

L2
’DOLMEN’
burial Systems of
Primitive Human
"DOLMEN"
a type of megalithic tomb, means "stone table"

1 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN
Burial Systems of primitive human
DOLMEN TOMB
 A Dolmen is a type of single-chamber
megalithic(massive) tomb, usually consisting
of two or more upright stones (megaliths)
supporting a large flat horizontal capstone
(table).
 Most date from the early Neolithic period
(4000 B.C.E. to 3000 B.C.E.).
 Dolmens were usually covered with earth or
smaller stones to form a barrow (handcart),
though in many cases that covering has
weathered away, leaving only the stone
'skeleton' of the burial mound intact.
2 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

DOLMEN TOMB

3 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

DOLMEN TOMB
 Their widespread appearance shows
universality in human nature, particularly
with regard to death & burial.

 They are evidence that even early cultures

had the desire and ability to transport and
place these enormous stones.

 Requiring great planning, coordination, and

collaboration for their construction, dolmens
are understood as burial markers for leaders
and those of significance in the society.
4 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

DOLMEN TOMB
 They served as places of ritual and worship,
with many still containing funerary artifacts
that indicate belief in the afterlife and the
possibility of communication with the spiritual
world.

POULNABRONE DOLMEN,
IRELAND

5 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

DOLMEN TOMB
Types

6 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

DOLMEN TOMB
Types

7 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN
PASSAGE GRAVE
 A passage grave or passage tomb consists of a
narrow passage
 They are made of large stones and one or multiple
burial chambers covered in earth or stone.
 The building of passage tombs was normally carried
out with megaliths and smaller stones; they usually
date from the Neolithic Age.
 One common layout, the cruciform passage grave, is
having the shape of a cross.
 Sometimes passage tombs are covered with a cairn
(rough stone put as a landmark), especially those
dating from later times.
 NEWGRANGE Passage Grave, County Meath, Ireland
8 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

PASSAGE GRAVE

NEWGRANGE, Location: County Meath, Ireland

9 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

PASSAGE GRAVE

 A simple passage tomb in Carrowmore near Sligo in Ireland

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

PASSAGE GRAVE

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

PASSAGE GRAVE
 The mound is 76 meters (249 ft) across and 12 meters
(39 ft) high, and covers 4,500 square meters (1.1
acres) of ground. Within the mound is a
chambered passage, which can be accessed by an
entrance on the southeastern side of the
monument.
 The passage stretches for 19 meters (60 ft), or about
a third of the way into the centre of the structure.
At the end of the passage are three small
chambers off a larger central chamber, with a
high corbelled vault roof. Each of the smaller
chambers has a large flat "basin stone", which was
where the bones of the dead were possibly
originally deposited
Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE
 Underground megalithic burial chamber.
 May or may not be divided into sections.
 It has no separate entrance passage.

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE

The Burren:
Parknabinnia Gallery
Graves
Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE

Borlase,1897, page 86
Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE

Gallery grave Züschen I (Hesse, Germany)

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE
Tombs at karnataka

This is an
example of
a low
structure,
about 15" to
18" high.

Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753

L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

GALLERY GRAVE
Tombs at karnataka
 The slabs are
rough cut. The
design is
primitive.
 In this particular
tomb the vertical
slabs measured
approximately 3'
x 2' and the cap-
stone about 5' x
5'.
 Thickness of the
slabs were 6" to
8".
Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
 L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

COURT GRAVE/ TOMBS

 Court cairns are a group of monuments constructed
for some kind of ritual or social gatherings.

 There are just over

400 of them in Ireland,
and they are almost
all found north of a
line between Galway
Bay and Dublin, ie in
the northern half of
the country.
Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753
 L:2 ARC115: Early Civilizations- Art Culture & Aesthetics 2017-18 T1
DOLMEN BURIAL SYSTEMS OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN

Any Queries?

HAPPY
LEARNING
22 Course Instructor: Prof. (Ar.) Tarun Gupta UID: 19753