EC

Fall 2016
ME 1102 Electric Circuits

Chapter 1
Physical Foundation of Electric Circuits I:
Electric Circuit Variables

Abdul Hussain
abdul.hussain@szabist.edu.pk

Faculty of Engineering (Mechatronics)

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 Assessments
 3 Quizzes: 15 Marks (5 Marks each) You will
be notified 1 Week in advance.

 1 Assignment: 5 Marks

 Mid Term Exam (9th Week): 30 Marks

Final Exam (18th Week) : 50 Marks

 Class Conduct
Absences from class
Late in class
Assignment submission
Absence from Mid Term or Final Exam
Cheating

Anything you want to ask, ASK NOW !!

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Chapter Contents
• Definitions:
– Electric Circuits
– Electric Charge
– Direct current
– Voltage
– Power & Energy

• Systems of Units
• Examples

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Definitions

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Definitions
• Electric Circuits/Network:
An interconnection of electrical elements
linked together in a closed path that an electric
current may flow

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Definitions
Circuit Elements: Circuit components
(devices), with two* terminals (nodes)
Element Symbol
Resistance
Capacitor
Inductance
Supply/Source

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Definitions
• Charge:
The quantity of electricity responsible for
electric phenomena

• Current:
The time rate of flow of electric charge past a
given point
dq
i
dt
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Definitions
• Unit of Current:
ampere (A): 1 coulomb per second

• Case Convention of Electrical Parameters:

a) lowercase:
q (t ), i (t ) & v(t ) etc.
b) uppercase:
I & V etc.

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Definitions
• Current Types:
1. Constant current
2. Time varying current

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Definitions
• Direct Current:
 A current of constant polarity
 Denoted by I

• Alternating Current:
 A current of variable magnitude
 Variable polarity

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Definitions

if a total of 1 joule (J) of energy is used to move

the negative charge of 1 coulomb (C), there is a
difference of 1 volt (V) between the two points.
The defining equation is

Since
V = W/Q
therefore
W=QV and Q= W/V

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Examples
EXAMPLE 2.1 Find the voltage between two
points if 60 J of energy are required to move a
charge of 20 C between the two points.
Solution: Eq. (2.2): V = W/Q = 60/20 = 3V

EXAMPLE 2.2 Determine the energy

expended moving a charge of 50 mC between
two points if the voltage between the points is 6
V.
Solution: Eq. (2.3):
W=QV=(50x10Exp-3)(6 V)=300 x10Exp ±3C
=300 mJ

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Examples
Charge=Current x time → Q = I x t in Coulombs
EXAMPLE 2.3 The charge flowing through the
imaginary surface in Fig. 2.9 is 0.16 C every 64
ms. Determine the current in amperes.

Solution: Eq. (2.5): I = Q/t = 0.16/64ms = 2.50A

EXAMPLE 2.4 Determine how long it will take 4*

1016 electrons to pass through the imaginary surface
in Fig. 2.9 if the current is 5 mA.
Solution: Determine the charge in coulombs:

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Definitions
Voltage:
The voltage across an element is the work
(energy) required to move a unit positive charge
from the –terminal to the +terminal of an
element.

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Definitions
Voltage (Contd..):
A charge of 1 coulomb delivers an energy of 1
joules as it moves through a voltage of 1 volt.

Voltage (Volts)
Energy(work)
dw
v
dq
charge
1 Joule:
Amount of energy required to move 1 coulomb of
charge through a potential difference of 1 volt.
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Definitions
Energy:
The capacity to perform work.

Power:
The time rate of expending or absorbing energy.
Power (watts) Energy(joules)
dw
p  v.i
dt Time(sec)

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Definitions
Power Absorbed or Supplied by an element:

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Definitions
HT 1:
1. Example (1.6-1)
2. Example (1.6-3)

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Systems of Units

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Systems of Units

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Systems of Units

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Chapter Summary
• Definitions: Electric circuits, charge, voltage,
current, work, power and energy
• Time functions
• System of Units

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Reference

• Introduction to Electric Circuits

(R. C. Dorf/Svoboda)

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