This document defines key terms related to tourism and the hospitality industry such as tourism, the tourism industry, hospitality, and the hospitality industry. It then provides a brief history of the development of tourism and hospitality in Malaysia and internationally. It notes that Malaysia has diversified its economy away from raw materials towards services and tourism. Internationally, advances in transportation and technology have made tourism more accessible. Finally, it outlines several ways Malaysia promotes tourism domestically and internationally, including through domestic tourism programs, shopping, medical tourism, education, ecotourism, agrotourism, and sport tourism.
This document defines key terms related to tourism and the hospitality industry such as tourism, the tourism industry, hospitality, and the hospitality industry. It then provides a brief history of the development of tourism and hospitality in Malaysia and internationally. It notes that Malaysia has diversified its economy away from raw materials towards services and tourism. Internationally, advances in transportation and technology have made tourism more accessible. Finally, it outlines several ways Malaysia promotes tourism domestically and internationally, including through domestic tourism programs, shopping, medical tourism, education, ecotourism, agrotourism, and sport tourism.
This document defines key terms related to tourism and the hospitality industry such as tourism, the tourism industry, hospitality, and the hospitality industry. It then provides a brief history of the development of tourism and hospitality in Malaysia and internationally. It notes that Malaysia has diversified its economy away from raw materials towards services and tourism. Internationally, advances in transportation and technology have made tourism more accessible. Finally, it outlines several ways Malaysia promotes tourism domestically and internationally, including through domestic tourism programs, shopping, medical tourism, education, ecotourism, agrotourism, and sport tourism.
Malaysia DEFINITION Tourism Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes". Tourism industry Tourism industry can be defined as a service industry. It includes transportation, accommodation and services. Hospitality A term implies whereby a guest who is away from home is welcomed by a host where basic necessities are provided such as food, beverages and lodging. The term is derived from the Latin word ‘hospitaire’, which means ‘to receive a guest’. Hospitality Industry An industry comprises business entity of food, beverages, lodging or a combination of these businesses to travellers during their stay in a destination. Leisure The condition of having one's time free
from the demands of work or duty.
• Freedom or spare time provided by the cessation of activities; • free time as a result of temporary exemption from work or duties; • a time at one's own command that is free of engagements or responsibilities; Recreation -Refreshment by means of some pastime, agreeable exercise, or the like. Re-create: to renew or enliven through the influence of pleasurable surroundings; to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety, usually by change or diversion; the act of recreating or the state of being recreated: refreshment of the strength and spirits aftertoil; diversion, play; a means of getting diversion or entertainment. HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY HISTORY MALAYSIA
Since the early 1980s, Malaysia has steadily diversified
its economy. Major changes include a departure from a reliance on the cultivation and export of raw materials, in particular natural rubber, to a focus on services, manufacturing and tourism. Tourism, in particular, has had a significant impact and, as a generator of foreign exchange, is second only to the oil industry. Increases in employment, development and foreign exchange earnings, however, can burden a tourism infrastructure that is not fully developed. INTERNATIONAL Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourist was used by 1772 and tourism by 1811. In 1936, the League of Nations defined foreign tourist as "someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months. DEVELOPMENT MALAYSIA
In tandem with the continuous growth of
the tourism industry, the expansion of the hotel industry has boosted the availability of hotel rooms rapidly from as low as 989 hotels in1990 to an almost 80 per cent increment at 1,776 hotels in 2001. This was due to the influx of new hotels and building of additional rooms in existing hotels to fulfill the increase in tourist arrivals. Meanwhile, the room capacity in the industry increased by almost 3-fold to 130,757 rooms during the implementation of VMY 1990 campaign. INTERNATIONAL There has been an up trend in tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common.
Tourists have a wide range of budgets and
tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have developed to cater for them. For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations, while others want more specialised holidays, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels. The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. On April 28, 2009 The Guardian noted that "the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time”. There have also been changes in lifestyle, for example some retirement-age people sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourist services. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse. Ways to Promote Tourism • To promote tourism in recent years, the government of
Malaysia has introduced a number of programs, including
domestic tourism, shopping tourism, medi-tourism, edutourism, eco-tourism, agro-tourism, and sport tourism. a. Domestic Tourism – The government emphasizes on promoting domestic tourism. – Cuti-cuti Malaysia is the tagline for domestic tourism. Launched in September 1999, the main objective was to inculcate the value of holiday culture among Malaysians. b. Shopping Tourism – Malaysia offers fantastic shopping deals. – Shopping represents about 21.4 per cent of total tourist spending in Malaysia for 2001. – A program called Mega Sales Carnival made Malaysia a shopping paradise. c. Medi-Tourism – The idea of medi-tourism is to mix leisure with healthcare. – Medi-tourists travel for dual purposes: for treatment (dialysis, cardiology, orthopedics, etc.) and/or preventive healthcare (medical check-up, blood test, etc.). d. Edu-Tourism – To position Malaysia as a centre of academic excellence, Malaysia attracts international students to study in Malaysia while providing them with reasonable and affordable tour packages to visit the country’s scenic spots. e. Eco-Tourism – Eco-tourism is travel to relatively uncontaminated natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people. – Eco-tourism brings benefits to rural communities in terms of increased revenue. f. Agro-Tourism – Agro-tourism in Malaysia includes farm-stays and visits to agricultural parks. – Agro-tourism was developed with the participation of the rural population, who offer accommodation at their homes to tourists at a reasonable price with the choice of either day visits or farm-stays based on the bed and breakfast concept in the West. g. Sport Tourism – Malaysia has been active in promoting international sporting events, including F1 Grand Prix, Le Tour de Langkawi (international cycling event), and Formula One Power Boat Race.