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Break Water: Lokasi & Lebar Mulut Pelabuhan
Break Water: Lokasi & Lebar Mulut Pelabuhan
Dengan :
Hp = tinggi gelombang di titik P
di dalam pelabuhan (m)
H = tinggi gelombang dimulut
pelabuhan (m)
b = lebar mulut
B = lebar kolam pelabuhan di titik P ,
yaitu panjang busur lingkaran dengan
jari-jari D dan pusat pada tengah
mulut ( m )
D = Jarak dari mulut ke titik P
b b
Hp H 0,027 D (1
4
)
B B
Breakwater
Type Dinding Tegak ( Vertical wall )
Type Gundukan ( Rock Mound )
Vertical Wall Breakwater
Teori Sainflou
H 2 2d
hoc coth
L L h + hoc
p1 Still water
level
H hoc
p1 (d p2 )
H hoc d d
H
p2 Bottom
cosh 2d L p2 p2
Teori Molitor
k
p1 (v v0 ) 2
k = a coefficien, between 1.3 and 1,7 0r winds 2g
30 to 70 miles per hour on great Lakes
and 1.8 for ocean storm waves
g = Specific weight of water ( 64.4 lb per cu
ft
for salt water )
g = Acceleration of gravity (32.2 ft/sec2 2a
p1 h1=0,12H
v = velocity of wave propagtion, ft/sec
Still water
v 2.26c L
po = 0,72p1 level
vo== Maximim orbital velocity, ft/sec
H h1 a H-a
v0 7.11H / L
2
for values of see the table d
H = wave height, ft
L = Wavw length, ft
Bottom
H H 2 p2 p2
a for d >1.84 H
2 L
H
p2
cosh(2 d L )
CL Breakwater
SEA
γ = 64.4 lb per cu ft HARBOUR
H+hoc= 24.6’’
p2 = 941 lb per sq ft p
H.W= +3’
0.0’
H hoc
p1 ( p 2 d ) L.W= -3’
d H hoc
d = 53’
p1= 1,381 lb per sq ft
p -Moment about O
- 50’
2.773,637ft lb
H 2 2d
hoc coth 4.61
L L
Botto m El. -70
p1 p1d p2 d
P ( H hoc) 16,993 36,596 24936 78,525 lb
2 2 2
H hoc 2d d
M 16,993 d 36,596 24,936 2,773,6374.61 ft lb
3 3 3
Molitor
CL Breakwater
k
p1 (v v0 ) SEA HARBOUR
2g
Hh1=2.4’
H h2=3.3’
v 2.26 x0,830 x 400 37.5 ft per sec
22 ft
p
H.W= +3’ p
0.0’
20
v0 7.11 x1.209 x 8.6 ft per sec L.W= -3’
400
d = 53’
Coefisien c = 0.830 and µ = 1.209 are obtained from
p
tabel 2.3 - 50’
-Moment about O
3,678,000ft lb
1.8 x64.4
p1 (37.5 8.6) 2
2 x32.2 Botto m El. -70
p1 3,825 lb per sq ft
The maximum wave presure occurs at h1 = 0.12H = 2.4 ft above still water level.
H H2
2a 2 22.0 ft
2 L
The wave presure becomes zero at the depth of unobsructed wave trough, or H –
a = 9.0 ft below still water level.
d/L c µ d/L c µ
H
p2
cosh(2 d L )
CL Breakwater
SEA
γ = 64.4 lb per cu ft HARBOUR
H+hoc= 24.6’’
p2 = 941 lb per sq ft p
H.W= +3’
0.0’
H hoc
p1 ( p 2 d ) L.W= -3’
d H hoc
d = 53’
p1= 1,381 lb per sq ft
p -Moment about O
- 50’
2.773,637ft lb
H 2 2d
hoc coth 4.61
L L
Botto m El. -70
p1 p1d p2 d
P ( H hoc) 16,993 36,596 24936 78,525 lb
2 2 2
H hoc 2d d
M 16,993 d 36,596 24,936 2,773,6374.61 ft lb
3 3 3
Molitor :
CL Breakwater
k
p1 (v v0 ) SEA HARBOUR
2g
Hh1=2.4’
H h2=3.3’
v 2.26 x0,830 x 400 37.5 ft per sec
22 ft
p
H.W= +3’ p
0.0’
20
v0 7.11 x1.209 x 8.6 ft per sec L.W= -3’
400
d = 53’
Coefisien c = 0.830 dan µ = 1.209 dari tabel 2.3
p -Moment about O
- 50’
3,678,000ft lb
1.8 x64.4
p1 (37.5 8.6) 2
2 x32.2 Botto m El. -70
p1 3,825 lb per sq ft
Tekanaan maksimal yang terjadi pada h1 = 0.12H = 2.4 ft diatas permukaan air
tenang. H H 2
2a 2 22.0 ft
2 L
Tekanan yang terjadi pada nol kedalaman, atau H – a = 9.0 ft dibawah
permukaan air.
Fig. 4.9 Cross section through the West Breakwater, La Guirera, Venezuela
Fig 4.10. 20 ton armor rock being filted from truck
Concrete Jacks in Cape
Town, South Africa
Durban’s South Pier with a line of interlocking dolosse
A man stands next to a dolos, showing its relative size. Dolosse
moulds litter the foreground - Durban
Dolosse in Cape Town,
South Africa
Xbloc Concrete Block
Xbloc-Size-Placement
Xbloc Formwork
Gelombang
L
H/2
a
H
H ha
Trough
Bd
Bottom
1.
1. Relatif
Relatif lebih
lebih murah
murah
2.
2. Mudah
Mudah diperbaiki
diperbaiki
3.
3. Tidak
Tidak memerlukan
memerlukan persyaratan
persyaratan yang
yang
berat
berat pada
pada tanah
tanah dasar
dasar
Ada 2 type
1. Inti / core Breakwater hingga diatas muka air
2. Inti / core Breakwater ada dibawah muka air
7–8 20
10 – 11 30
15 - 16 40
20 – 21 50
LEBAR MINIMUM BREAKWATER
Irrebaren (1938)
KH 3 Sr
W
(Cos Sin )3 ( Sr 1)3
Dimana :
W = berat batu (kg)
K = koefisien : 15 untuk batu alam
19 untuk blok buatan
H = tinggi gelombang
a = Kemiringan breakwater dihitung dari horizontal
Sr = Berat Jenis (Spesific Weight) batuan atau blok (ton/m3)
Hudson(Iribaren modified)
K ' 3f r 3 H 3
W
( Cos Sin )3 (r f 1)3
Where:
W = weight of individual cap rock
H = height of wave
K’ = undetermined dimensionless cofficient
gf = specific weight of liquid in wich cap rock is submerged
gr = specific weight of cap rock
a = angle of sea side slope
m = coefficient friction