ELS 2202 Elektro I

Diode Circuit with Filter

Modified by : Alfriska O. Silalahi
Week 4

1
 The Choke –Input Filter
•• AC
  source produces current in the inductor, capasitor and
resistor and its depend on inductive reactance (, capasitive
reactance () and the resistance.
• An inductor has primary characteristic of opposing a change
in current (ideally reduce the AC current in load to zero)

• Choke-input filter
Requirement of Choke-Input Filter Design

• 1
  st : To be CIF well design is to have at the
input frequency be much smaller than (so we
can ignore the load resistance , and the
equivalent circuit become reactive voltage
devider:

Fig: The Equivalent CIF circuit

• 2
  nd is to have be much greater than at the
input frequency (so we the output voltage
approaches zero .

At this condition
“the choke (inductor) approximates a short
circuit at 0 Hz and the capacitor approximates an
open circuit at 0 Hz”.
• In
  The Equivalent CIF circuit ( ), almost all the
AC voltage is dropped across the choke, in this
case the AC output voltage is equal to :

• Eq : so the AC output is :
• It means that CIF reduce the AC voltage by a
factor of 100.
 Filtering output of rectifier

Rectifier with CIF Output of Rectifier with CIF

(has DC and AC components)

DC equivalen Circuit

DC output filter with small ripple

 The Capasitor-Input Filter
• Produces a DC output voltage equal to peak
value of rectified voltage.
• Students have to understand “what the circuit
does during the first quarter cycle”.

Fig. Unloaded capasitor-input filter circuit

 Capasitor remains charged when the diode is off

Remember capasitor characteristic :

charge and uncharge.

𝑉  𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝑉 𝑖𝑛 =𝑉 𝑝=𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Output of Capasitor-input filter is pure DC voltage

 Effect of Load Resistor
• As
  long as the C time constant is much greater
than the periode, capasitor remains fully
charge, and the load voltage is approximately

Loaded capasitor-input
filter

C
 𝑅 𝐿
Full Wave Filtering
Another formula to determine ripple formula :
The peak-to-peak ripple voltage is half
wave rectifier
VR  V p ( out ) (1    t / RL C
)
Time t represent length of time capasitor
Is allowed to discharge.

For half rectifier, t = 16,67 ms

Output of full wave filtering
To estimate the peak-to-peak ripple of any
capasitor-input filter, we use ripple formula:
For FullWave Rectifier, t= 8,33 ms
Eq : if dc load current 10 mA, C = 200 uF,
Calculate a ripple voltage of bridge rectifier!

The Ripple Formula

10mA
I VR   0.417V pp
VR 
fC
(120Hz )(200F )
V pp 0,417
Vrms    0,417v
2 2) 2 2
 Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)
• The maximum voltage across the
nonconducting diode of rectifier,
• It must be less than the breakdown voltage of
the diode
• PIV depends on the type of rectifier and filter
Summary of Capacitor-Input Filter Rectifiers
Half wave Full wave Bridge
Number of diode 1 2 4
Rectifier Input
DC out (ideal)
DC out (2nd
nd app)

Ripple
Ripple Frequency
Frequency
PIV
PIV
Diode
Diode Current
Current
 Example
• What is the DC load voltage and ripple in fig
below :
 Solution
•• Secondary
  voltage :
rms
Peak secondary voltage :

Assume diode is ideal :

So the load currrent is :

Ripple can be
I determine
6,8mA :
VR    1,13vpp
fC 60 Hz.100uF
 Check your understanding
• What is the DC load voltage and ripple in fig
below :
1:2