Accident Investigation PEME

ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Ronald M. Baniqued
Registered Criminologist
Occupational Safety and Health Practitioner
DOLE Acc. #1033-130621-N-0354
Accident Investigation
1
Business
Business Busin
es s es s
Bus i n
Business
BusinessB
usines
s s s
Bu s in e Business
Business
2
Profitability – a business must make money
(profit) in order to survive.
Growth – to increase its profit, must expand,
go into other types of business.
Continuity – any interruption or disruption of a
business operation will affect its productivity
and profitability.
3
Interrupts or disrupts the normal and orderly
progress of any activity and may result in injury
(minor, serious or fatal) to people and/or damage or
destruction of property that result to losses.
4
5
6
Punctured foot
7
Pointed metal inside his toenail
8
Employee was setting
down a load of 2x10’s
with a co-worker and got
his big toe caught under
the load when he
dropped it.
9
Toe crushed by a forklift.
10
Instrument Tech was calibrating load cells the old fashion way, when a 200lb
mass that was being used to test a cell from it’s perch and landed on the
tech’s foot. The tech was NOT wearing steel toes at the time of the accident.
The weight fell approximately 4ft.
11
In this photo you can
see the outline of the
weight on top of the foot
12
A guy was struck in the foot by a pallet on a standup lift. The driver
rounded a corner and the victim was standing in the aisleway facing away
when he was struck. He was wearing “flip-flops” at the time of the
accident. Injuries were extensive to the tendons, and heel bone, along
with a broken ankle.
13
Toe amputation
14
15
16
Topic Overview
 Values of effective accident
investigation
 What to investigate
 Who should investigate
 Steps in investigation
 Supervisor’s Initial Actions
 Gathering information
 Analyzing Causes
 Taking Remedial Actions
 Writing a Good Report
17
Accident
An unplanned
and unexpected
occurrence that
may result to
injury or death
to a person
and/or damage
to properties
18
Accident
Accidents are the result
of hazardous acts or
hazardous conditions –
most often, a
combination of both. An
investigation identifies
which acts and conditions
led to the accident,
allowing managers to
take action to eliminate
or control them.
19
Multiple Sources of
Accident
Environment People
Sources of
Accidents
or Losses
Material Equipment
20
 A methodical effort to collect and

interpret the facts of accident.
 An inquiry as to how and why the
accident occurred in order to
explore actions that should be
taken to prevent or minimize
recurrence of the accident.
21
Rational of Accident
Investigation
“ People become injured, disabled
and sometimes killed due to
industrial accidents “
“ What can be done to prevent
these accidents from recurring ? “
22
Purpose of Accident
Investigation
 To establish all facts
 To draw conclusion
 To make recommendations
 To prevent recurrence
23
Focus of Accident
Investigation
 Comply with policies and regulatory
requirements
 Improve Supervisor’s Management Approach
 Maintain employee awareness – SHE
 To determine whether safety procedures,
practices and / or training should be
modified.
 To identify areas for improvement and track
safety performance trends.
 To demonstrate management’s commitment
to safety.
24
Types of Accident to be
Reported
 Fatal accidents
 Accident causing injury or
illness
 Diseases
 Dangerous occurrences
 Near miss
25
Reported
Fatal accidents
26
Reported
Accidents causing injury or illness
27
Reported
Diseases
28
Reported
Near miss
29
Managing the Accident
Scene
30
Managing the Accident Scene
1. Care and treatment of the injure

31
Care and treatment of injured
Supervisors can increase

their ability to respond to
Medical Emergencies by:
•Training in First
Aid
•Drills under
normal and
abnormal
conditions
•Liaison withAccident Investigation 32
limination and control of remaining haza
33
3. Isolate the site

34
Managing the accident scene
4. Preserve evidence and valuables

35
When Accident Should Be
Investigated?
• As soon as possible after the

accident. Delays even those of
only a few hours can permit
information or items of
importance to be removed.
• The investigation may be made at
the time of preparing the first
report of injury or, if necessary,
it can be made
Accidentlater.
Investigation
36
Investigate Accident
Immediately
Memory
fades
Operatio More people
ns at risk
disrupte
d
37
Successful Investigation
is done:
•Immediatel
y
•Completely
•Thoroughly
38
Who Should Conduct
Accident Investigation?
•The immediate
supervisor
•Safety Officer
•Safety Committee
39
Who Should Conduct
Accident Investigation?
Accident
Investigations
are usually
considered a
Supervisor’s
responsibility
40
Advantages of Supervisor
over other Investigators
•More familiar with the people

involved
•Better understanding of the
operations
•Personal interest in
investigations
41
Accident Investigation as
Supervisor’s Responsibility
 More familiar with the people
involved
 Have a better understanding of
the operation
 Have a personal stake in accident
investigation
 Employees may be willing to
speak more freely
42
Investigation
Process
43
Guidelines
1. Investigate immediately
2. Ensure immediate treatment
3. Secure the area
4. Record details of event (photo, sketch,
etc.)
5. Collect physical evidence
6. Review other sources (victim’s record,
friends, etc.)
7. Interview witnesses (5Ws + 1H)
8. Write causal factors (man, machine,
material, method) Accident Investigation
44
9. Make recommendations
Conducting an Accident
Investigation
 Must answer the following questions
 WHO was injured?
 WHAT happened?
 WHERE did accident occur?
 WHEN did the accident occur?
 WHY did the accident occur?
 HOW can similar accident be

prevented?
45
5-Step Accident
Investigation Process
 Gather as much information as
possible about the accident
 Analyze the facts to determine
what the causes were
 Make recommendation for
corrective actions to prevent
future accident
 Prepare report
 Follow-up
46
5-step Accident Investigation
Process
1. Gather as much information

as possible about the accident
47
Process
2. Analyze the facts to determine

what the causes were
48
Process
3. Make recommendation for corrective

actions to prevent future accident
49
Process
4. Prepare accident investigation report
50
Process
5. Follow up
51
Sources of Information
 Time
 Location
 Environment
 Physical
evidence
 Witnesses
 Existing record
52
Existing Records
 Employee records
 Equipment records
 Job or task records
 Previous accident
investigation reports
53
Witnesses
 Victim
 Those who heard what
happened
 Those who saw the area prior
to the accident
 Others with information
about involved individuals,
equipment or circumstances
54
Interviewing Witnesses
1. Reassure the witness
2. Let the witness tell the
story
3. Begin with open-ended
questions
4. Don’t ask leading questions
55
Interviewing Witnesses
5. Summarize
6. Ask for
recommendations
7. Get written statements
8. Close on a positive
note
56
Equipment
1.Report form
2.Notebook or pad of
paper
3.Audio/video
recorder
4.Camera (instant or
digital)
5.Measuring Accident Investigation
57
Physical Evidence
Provides information
about an accident that
witnesses may overlook
or take for granted
58
Accident Sketches
To record important details at the

accident site for later study
59
Accident Sketches
Record everything that could be important such as:
a) Floor plan from overhead view
b) location of involved man, machine, tool, etc
c) Size and location of transient evidences (spills,
dust, footprints, skid marks)
Electrocution
victim
60
Accident Sketches
61
Accident Sketches
62
Photographs
63
Photographs
 General area
 Detailed shots
 Show scale on small objects
 Indicate reference point
 Better to take too many than

too few
64
Photographs
General area
65
Photographs
Detailed shots
66
Photographs
Show scale on small objects
67
Photographs
Indicate reference points
68
Photographs
Better to take too many than few

69
Photography
If items have to be removed
from the scene for detailed
examination:
 Log and Label
 Secure storage & transport

 Avoid contamination
 Guard against tampering and
loss
 Appropriate HSE warnings
70
Facts Analysis
 Cause analysis (root)
 Change analysis
71
Cause Analysis
Immediate and Basic Causes
A C C ID E N T / IL L N E S S
H A Z A R D O U S H A Z A R D O U S
A C TS C O N D IT IO N S
U N A W A R E U N N O T IC E D
U N A B LE U N C O R R E C TE D
U N M O T IV A T E D
72
Direct Cause
Actual description of the

result of an incident. e.g.:
• caught in, between, or
under
• struck against or struck by
• fall from or fall on
• overexertion or stress
73
Basic (root) Cause
Primary cause(s) of an event, that
when corrected will prevent
occurence of direct causes. e.g.:
• Inadequate maintenance of
equipment
• Inadequate codes and standards
• Insufficient employee safety
training
• Safe work practices inadequately
followed Accident Investigation
74
Cause Analysis
75
Change Analysis
Compares
how a job
was actually
performed
with the way
it should
have been
performed
76
Change Analysis
ACTUAL STANDARD SAFE

BEHAVIORS or BEHAVIORS or BEHAVIORS or
CONDITIONS CONDITIONS CONDITIONS
ACTUAL STANDARD UNSAFE

BEHAVIORS or BEHAVIORS or BEHAVIORS or
CONDITIONS CONDITIONS CONDITIONS
77
Change Analysis
78
Recommending Corrective
Actions
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time-bound
79
Follow Up
It’s the best way to ensure

that recommendations are
carried out
80
Accident Report
Form
81
Accident Report
Form
•General
information
•A Summary
•An Analysis
•Recommendatio
ns Accident Investigation
82
Accident Report
Form
•Clear
•Detail
ed
•Neat
•Legibl
e Accident Investigation
83
Accident Report
Form
84
85
Preventing
Accidents
REQUIRES A
TEAM EFFORT
86
Team Effort
All employees should understan

•What to
report
•How to
report
87
Ways to Encourage Reporting
Incidents
Inform employees of their responsibility
to report incidents and hazardous
conditions. Remind employees of the
consequences of NOT reporting incidents
promptly:
* Injury may become worse without
prompt
medical attention.
* Similar or same injury may occur
to
another employee.
88
* Lost productivity is magnified.
Reasons for Failure to
Report Accidents
•Fear of discipline.
•Concern about record
•Concern about reputation
•Fear of medical treatment
•Dislike of medical personnel
•Desire to prevent work
interruption
•Desire to keep personal record
clean
•Avoidance of red tape
•Concern about
Accident attitude
Investigation of 89
Whom to Report to?
•Medical
•Security and
Safety
•Environmental
Control
•Management
90
Legal Implications
•Incident / Injury Investigations may
be used in a court of law.
•Any document could be used as
evidence.
•As an investigator, you could be called
as a witness.
•All documentation is legally binding.
•Not following-up on AR’s could lead to
further legal ramification for company.
91
Legal Implications
•Investigate the incident as soon as
possible.
•Document all appropriate data
collected and complete all sections
of the AR form.
•If the investigation is beyond your
area of responsibility, include a
content expert or safety professional.
•Return all documentation to
Security Dept.
•Do not provideAccident
company’s
Investigation
92
Responsibility for
Confidentiality
• Employees with access to health
information and medical records have a
professional obligation to keep this
information strictly confidential for the
protection of the privacy of the
individual.
• Medical record information is not
available to individual outside the
company without their expressed
written permission.
• Employee names should not be included
93
94
Key Facts in
Accidents
1. Nature of Injury – the 5. Hazardous Condition – the
type of physical injury physical condition or
incurred. circumstance which
permitted or occasioned
2. Part of Body – the part of
the occurrence of the
the injured person’s body
accident type.
directly affected by the
injury. 6. Agency of Accident – the
object, substance, or part
3. Source of Injury – the
of the premises in which
object, substance,
the hazardous condition
exposure, or bodily
existed.
motion which directly
produced or inflicted the 7. Agency of Accident Part –
injury. the specific part of the
agency of accident that
4. Accident Type – the event
was hazardous.
which directly resulted in
95
the injury. 8. Unsafe Act – the violation
Case Study No. 1
The operator of a circular saw reached over the
running saw to
pick up a piece of scrap. His hand touched the
blade which was not covered, and his right
thumb was severely lacerated.
ANALYSIS:
•Nature of injury
•Part of body injured
•Source of injury
•Accident type
•Hazardous condition/s
•Agency of accident
•Unsafe acts/s Accident Investigation 96
Case Study No. 2
A warehouse employee jumped from the
loading platform to the ground instead of
using the steps. As he landed, he sprained his
right ankle.
ANALYSIS:
•Nature of injury
•Part of body injured
•Source of injury
•Accident type
•Hazardous condition/s
•Agency of accident
•Unsafe acts/s Accident Investigation
97
Email add: ronban65@yahoo.com
Mobile: 09178724459
98

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Accident Investigation PEME

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ACCIDENT

 A methodical effort to collect and

Accidents causing injury or illness

1. Care and treatment of the injure

Supervisors can increase

limination and control of remaining haza

3. Isolate the site

4. Preserve evidence and valuables

• As soon as possible after the

•More familiar with the people

 WHERE did accident occur?

 WHEN did the accident occur?

 WHY did the accident occur?

 HOW can similar accident be

1. Gather as much information

2. Analyze the facts to determine

3. Make recommendation for corrective

4. Prepare accident investigation report

 Job or task records

To record important details at the

 Show scale on small objects

 Indicate reference point

 Better to take too many than

Show scale on small objects

Indicate reference points

Better to take too many than few

 Secure storage & transport

Actual description of the

ACTUAL STANDARD SAFE

ACTUAL STANDARD UNSAFE

It’s the best way to ensure

All employees should understan

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