BFD, PFD and PnID

Oxygen 200 kg/hr

CO2 800 kg/hr

Ethylene
4000 kg/hr

Oxygen
20.000 kg/hr

Vapor Liquid P-4 Ethylene Oxide

Ethylene REACTOR DISTILLATION
Separator 58.673 kg/hr
40.000 kg/hr

Reactions :
C2H4 + ½ O2 → C2H4O (main reaction)
C2H4 + 3 O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O (side reaction)
C2H4O + 2½ O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
DISTILLATION

Figure 1. Blok Flow Diagram Pembuatan Ethylene Oxide

H2O
327 kg/hr
 BFD Characteristic
• Should be from left to right
– Except for recycle loop
• Equipments represented by blocks
• Only Critical pieces of equipments are shown
– No need to show : HEs, pumps, Storage Tanks, Valves, etc
• Flow Shown with arrow
– Not all streams are shown
• If crossing line, vertical line is broken , horizontal line stay solid
• Always show flowrates, concentrations
– Lb/hr, Kg/hr, ton/day
– Avoid g/hr or any unit that will give large number
• Lighter (more volatile) components are shown higher up on the diagram
• Always include figure number and caption
• Include main or any relevant reactions
Spent Gas N2 Air
1.2 M kg/hr 800 kg/hr 1000 kg/hr

REACTOR/ COMBUSTION COMPRESSOR

DRYER FILTER
GASIFIER TURBINE

Dry Gas
1.1 M kg/hr Ash Ash
3000 kg/hr 1000 kg/hr

BFW
SETTLE 200.000 HRSG
SEPARATOR Kg/hr

HPS
Biomass Fuel
156.000
150.000 kg/hr
Kg/hr

Figure 1. BFD of Biomass HRSG

 What is wrong?
• Confusing flow paths
• Complicated shapes
• Too many crossing lines
• Incorrect mass balance
• Ambiguous Reaction
• Ambiguous Intermediate stream
• Acronym
 Low Density Extrussion, Low Density Polyethylene
Polyethylene Pelletizing and
Production Plant Blending
Ethane to
Natural Gas Ethylene olefin
Refining Plant
Well Extraction production
plant Linear Low
Extrussion, Linear Low density Polyethylene
Density
Pelletizing and
Polyethylene
Blending
Production Plant

Propane to
Propylene Extrussion, Polypropylene
Polypropylene
olefin Pelletizing and
Production Plant
production Blending
plant
 PFD
C-101 C-102 E-101 E-102 R-101 E-103 V-101 V-102 T-101 T-102
Oxygen Ethylene Oxygen Ethylene Reactor Reactor Effluent Light Gas Light Gas Ethylene Recovery Ethylene Oxide
Compressor Compressor Preheater Preheater Cooler Separator 1 Separator 2 Destillation Column Destillation Column

HPS 700 kg/hr

20 %wt Oxygen
20.000 kg/hr 11
C-101 E-101 80 %wt CO2
Oxygen 99.8% wt R-101 10

1 2 3 8 CW
V-101 300 kg/hr
20 %wt Oxygen
14
80 %wt CO2
40.000 kg/hr HPS 9 13
V-102 58.673 kg/hr
Ethylene 99.6% wt C-102 E-102
E-103 99.9%wt ethylene oxide
18
4 5 6 7
12

T-102

T-101
Reactions : 15
C2H4 + ½ O2 → C2H4O (main reaction)
Ethylene Ethylene Oxide
C2H4 + 3 O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O (side reaction) 17

Ethylene
C2H4O + 2½ O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O (side reaction)
Ethylene 327 kg/hr
99.7 %wt water
19

Figure 1. Process Flow Diagram Production of Ethylene Oxide

16
 AR2

LT2
DT2

PRV2
PG1 MV21
MV2 MV3

AR1
MV22

MV23

AR3
TG2 TG1

IAS

AR4
SG1
T-1
LT1
T-2 DT1

MV4

MV14
MV15
MV20 SV1
AR5
S

MV18

MV12

MV19

MV16 PRV1

BV1
MV11 MV1
MV17

MV10 MV8

TAP

T-4 T-3
Ambient Water Sugar Water

MV6
MV7

MV13 MV9
MV5

P-2 P-1
 Level of Detail
• BFD
• PFD
• PnID