UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD

Department of Home Science

Presentation Topic- Classification of Dyes & Vat Dyes

Submitted By : Chandni
Gupta1
 Classification of Dyes & Vat Dyes
Introduction

Dyeing and dyes; this two word

is related with one another.
Without dyes its not possible to dye
materials. So dye is the main
thinking of dyeing.

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 yes
D

Dyes are coloring material used in

dyeing textiles. Appling of dyes
depends upon the types of materials.
Different materials have different
chemical structure and different dyes
had a different chemical structure, so
we have to know which dye is suitable
for which materials.
There are two sources of dyes colors :
1. Natural Dyes
2. Synthetic Dyes

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Natural dyes are the dyes which are
produced naturally from different plant
sources like roots, leaves bark etc. Very yes
beginning of the dyeing history man ra l D
Natu
started dyeing their materials by
natural dyes. Indigo, Wood, Saffron and
Madder are the plant based dyes which
is much popular in Asia.

Natural dyes are divided in 3 parts-

I. Vegetable Dyes :- Heena, Harda,
Anar, Onion, tea, Katha, Haldi etc.
II. Animal Dyes :- Kakti fish, Cokniyal
ish.
III. Mineral Dyes :- Potassium di-
chromate, Alum, Iron, Sulphate,
Copper sulphate etc.

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 c D yes Synthetic dyes is made
nt heti
Sy from the reaction of two or
more chemicals.
Example:- Direct dyes,
Reactive dyes, Acid dyes,
Vat dyes, Napthol dyes,
Dispers dyes, Sulphur dyes.

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 Coloring Matters
f
ono
cati
ss ifi s
Cla Dye

Dyes Pigments

Readymade Ingrain Dyes

Vat Azoic Mineral Phthalocyanine

Water Soluble Water Insoluble
Azoic O xidation Mineral

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 ye ing
D

Dyeing is the process of coloring textile

material to improve the
effectiveness of dyeing, heat is
usually applied to the dye liquor.
Dyeing is the wet processing technique
for coloring of fabric. It can be done
at any stage of the manufacturing of
textile fiber, yarn, fabric or a finished
textiles product including garments
and apparels. The property of color
fastness depends upon two factors-
selection of proper dye according to
the textiles material to be dyed and
selection of the method for dyeing
the fiber, yarn or fabric.
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 Vat D
ye s

 These are the most important dyes (and most expensive also) for dyeing
and printing on cotton and other cellulosic fiber. As a class their fastness
properties are excellent. (Washing, perspiration, rubbing etc.)
 Vat dyes are used for coloring cellulosic fiber specially cotton fiber. It is
widely used for run the dyeing process of cotton yarn which is used for
producing jeans or denim product.
 Vat Dyes are insoluble in water and have to be dissolved in water by
using sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulphite, usually at 50`c for
15-20 min. This process is known as Vatting.

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 In their soluble form they behave like direct dyes and hence can be dyed
on cotton. They remain in the soluble form only presence of excess
sodium hydrosulphite and sodium hydroxide and therefore during the
entire dyeing period both these chemicals should be present in the dye
bath in sufficient quantities to keep the dye in the soluble form.
 The dyed material is removed, squeezed and exposed to air when the
leuco vat dye (soluble form) is converted back into the insoluble form .
 At the end of this treatment the dyed material is washed, soaped at the
boil with a solution of detergent and soda ash for 10-15 min washed and
dried.

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 of
Properties
Dyes

o Vat dyes are natural coloring dyes, and it’s insoluble in water.
o Vatting process is needed for making the insoluble vat dyes into soluble form.
o Fastness properties are vat dyes are excellent but its rubbing properties are
not so good.
o Sometimes it causes different types of skin disease.
o Vat dyes are mainly used in Cellulosic fibers.
o Stability of the color in the fiber is excellent.
o Wide range of color can be achieved by these dyes.
o Vat dyes are expensive in price.
Most of the denim product is colored by Vat Dyes.
Dyes are very sensitive to atmosphere condition so it needs to keep in a standard
atmospheric condition.

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 c e s I. Book- Technology of
fe ren
Re printing .
II. Internet- www. Textile
Fashion Study.com

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aNk
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