NITRATES

GROUP MEMBERS :
KISHO KUMAR A/L SUBBIAH (055602)
NUR HUSNA BINTI ANUAR (055201)
NUR IZZAH IZZATIE BINTI SHAHRU (055132)
MASITAH BINTI MOHAMAD (054950)
FATIN NIRHANIFAH AQILLAH BINTI SAIDIN (055300)
ALIYA NABIHAH BINTI AHMAD NAZLI (O55045)
NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI AB RAZAK (054953)
 WHAT IS NITRATE?
 A polyatomic ion with the molecular formula NO3 -
 An inorganic compound composed of one atom of
nitrogen (N) and three atoms of oxygen (O)
 Highly stable compare to the nitrite NO2-
 Produced strong acid that acid made from it
which is nitric acid.
 Used as important component in the fertilizers in
agriculture.
 Almost all nitrate salts are soluble in water.
NITRATE IN PERIODIC TABLE
Chemical structure formula

 Total valence electron=24

 Nitrogen has (+1) formal charge
 Two oxygen with single bond have (-1)
 Oxygen with double bond has formal charge
(0)
 If we add this up, it equals to (-1), it make
sense because we have negative on the NO3-
ion.
 Resonance structure

 According to resonance theory, the structure of the

nitrate ion is not 1 nor 2 nor 3 but the average of all
three of them, weighted by stability.
 The three resonance forms of the nitrate ion, 1, 2,
and 3, are identical, so they have the same stability
and, therefore, contribute equally to the hybrid.
 An electron shared by more than two atoms is said
to be delocalized.
 Delocalization is a characteristic of electron in pi
bonds when there is more than one possible
position for a double bond within a molecule
 CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
• Nitrate ion • Color
• 1 central nitrogen atom with • based on individual nitrate
3 identical oxygen atoms compounds
• Trigonal planar arrangement
• Carries a formal charge of -1 • Physical state
• Conjugate base of nitric acid • Solid
• Nitrate salts
• Soluble in water • Soluble in water
• Nitrate
• A functional group
• Esters of nitric acid and
alcohols
• Eg: Methyl nitrate
 NITRATE AND NITRITE
NITRATE NITRITE
NUMBER OF ATOM

OXIDATION Oxidation number of nitrogen is +5 Oxidation number of nitrogen is +3

NUMBER OF
NITROGEN

ACID FORMED Strong acid Weak acid

REDOX REACTION Nitrate become nitrite through Nitrite become nitrate through process
process of reduction of oxidation

Usage Common used as an component in Common used as a preserving agent of

the fertilizers and explosives various food
 CHARACTERISTIC OF NITRATE IN
AQUEOUS CONDITION
• Nitrate is a salt of nitric acid
• Nitrate ion is a polyatomic ion
• -empirical formula NO₃⁻
• Nitrate ion is a conjugate base of nitric acid
• -positively charged nitrogen attached with negatively charged
oxygen
• Nitrate concentration can reach high levels in freshwater or
estuarine system
• -causing death of fish
• Nitrates are highly soluble in water.
• Can react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that
may be gaseous
• Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate are widely used as strong
Principle of Type of Nitrate

Nitrate- positive species Nitrate-negative species

Neisseria Kingella
elongate denitrificans
Neisseria sicca Neisseria mucosa
NITROGEN CYCLE
oAtmospheric Nitrogen(N2) cannot directly used by
plants or animals
oN2 need to be converted to nitrogenous compound
first(Nitrogen Fixation)
oAt root nodule of leguminous plant, Rohizobium
bacterium will convert:
o N2 NH3
oIn the soil,nitrifing bacteria will convert:
o NH3 NO2 NO3
oNitrogen Fixation can also occur by lightning strike
oPlants use NO3 from soil to make Protein
oThen, animal eat plant to get Protein
oThen, the waste decay from animal and plant will
release NH3
oAgain, NH3 convert:
o NH3 NO2 NO3
oSome of the NO3 will used by plant and the other
will convert by denitrifing bacteria
o NO3 N2
 EFFECTS OF NITRATE
• Methemoglobinemia
Too many nitrites in our body. Nitrites in blood
interact with haemoglobin and iron. Reduces the
amount of oxygen in our body.

• Cancer
Increase risk of stomach and oesophageal cancer.

• Ingestion
Limit the amount of nutrients your body absorbs
THANK
YOU