UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION

TO PEDIATRICS
PRESENTED BY:
ARCHANA SAHOO
MJMCON
Pedia: Means Child
A perfect gift
Iatrike means treatment
Ics means branch of
science

PEDIATRICS
It is Branch of medical science that deals
with the care of children from conception
to adolescence in health and illness.

Itis the branch of science which is

concerned with preventive,promotive,
curative and rehabilitative care of children.

DEFINITION
FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS-

Dr Abraham Jacobi

Cont…
The specialised area of nursing practice
concerning the care of children during wellness
and illness. It includes preventive, promotive,
curative and rehabilitative care of children.

Allround development of the body mind and

spirit of the growing individual or children.

Pediatric nursing
Involves
 in giving assistance ,care and support to the growing
and developing children to achieve their individual potential for
functioning with fullest capacity.

Nursing
 of infants and children is consistent with the definition of
nursing as “the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to
actual or potential health problems”.(Wong)

Lilian
 Wald 1893 –the founder of visiting nursing in the U.S.,
begins teaching a home class on nursing for Lower East Side of
New york women after a trying time at an orphanage where
children were maltreated

Cont..
Toprovide skilful intelligent need based
comprehensive care to the children in health and illness.

To interpret the basic needs of children to their

parents and family members and to guide them in
child care

To promote Growth and Development of children

towards optimum state of health for functioning at the
peak of their capacity in future.

goals
To prevent disease and alleviate
suffering in children.

It helps to Interpret needs of the children.

Cont…
Major consumers of health care.
35 – 40 of total population are children
below the age of 15.
More vulnerable to various health
problems.
Majority of Childs morbidity & mortality
preventable.
Needs special care to survive & thrive.

IMPORTANCE OF PEDIATRICS
Abraham Jacob is known as FATHER OF PEDIATRICS because of his contribution to
pediatrics
The first citation of quality of breast milk and child hygiene was 225 BC. in Indian
SUSURTA SAMHITA
 Hippocrates a greek philosopher also known as father of modern mediecine has
made significant contribution to diseases found in children
The first indian pediatrician were kashyapa and Jevaka .they worked on children
diseases and child care.
The first manuscript on management of children diseases was written by kashyapa
and Samhita
Thereafter Susruta and Samhita wrote about ayurvedik medicine that can be used
for children. It was the first written record of pediatrics anywhere in the world.
 Susruta was known as Indian Hippocrates.He wrote on child’s rearing practices ,
infant feeding and diseases of child hood.
 Charak was the physician of Peshawar. He wrote on care and management of
newborn in his Sansthan and Ashtanga –hridaya .
Arab physician Rhazes wrote the first book on the diseases of children.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
CHILD HEALTH CARE
 In 147 BC book written on pediatrics named 2 ad.first
BAGALLARDERS was printed in italian
 In 1545 Ad.thomas Phare wrote the first book in english on children’s disease.
In 1802 first pediatric hospital was opened in paris .
In USA children’s hospital of philadelphia was opened.
 Pediatrics as speciality came intobeing in 1860 when Dr.Abraham Jacob
established first child clinic in new yorkand started giving special lectures on
diseases of children
In 1888 AD. The first department of pediatrics was established in hardward
medical school.
 At this time it was realized that diseases of the children are different from
diseases of adult.
 In the 19 th century antenatal care and pediatric care developed. Slowly people
started realizing about child’s needs.  The Lady Chemsford All India League For
Maternal And Child Welfare was established in 1920.Efforts were made by the
league to create public awareness about health problems of children.
In 1920 the first crèche was opened in India to provide day care to children

CONT..
Advocate for child and family
Communicate for child
Activate the child activity
Disseminate information for child
Educate the public about child health
Motivate people in care of child
Investigate available resourses
Collaberative care

CURRENT CONCEPT OF CHILD

HEALTH NURSING
The nurse should begin to build working relationship
with the parents and children from time of first contact
with them
The nurse should be aware that all behaviors of child is
meaningful
The nurse should accept the parents and child as they
are
Empathy for parents and children
 Acknowledge the parents right to decision concerning
to their children
Use local language so parents can understand  Answer
all questions of parents

PRINCIPLES OF CHILD HEALTH

NURSING
Progress of medical science
Development of the field of basic science
Increasing interest in field of public health
Improved social laws
Improved health facilities
Emphasis on disease prevention and health promotions
Separate pediatric hospitals
Child welfare programes
Health promotion and disease prevention Growing
realization of social needs of children
Changing attitude of society towards younger members of
society

Factors responsible for growth of

modern pediatrics
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED
RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
Ten basic rights of children as per United Nations’ Declaration of 1959,on
20th November.
1.The child shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, friendship, peace
and universal brotherhood and shall not
be exposed to racial, religious or other forms of discrimination.
2.The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty,
exploitation and traffic and shall not be permitted to be employed before
an appropriate minimum age.
3.The child shall, in all circumstances, be among the first to receive
protection and relief.
4.The child entitled to free and compulsory elementary education and such
an education as is in his best interests for which the parents are to be
responsible.
5.The child is entitled to grow up in an atmosphere of affection and moral
and material security, with public authorities taking care of children
without families or other support.

Internationally accepted rights of a

child
6.The physically, mentally or socially handicapped child shall be
entitled for special treatment, education and appropriate care.
7.The child shall have the right to adequate nutrition, housing,
recreation and medical services, including special health care
and protection and postnatal care for the mother.
8.The child shall be entitled to a name and a nationality.

9.The child shall enjoy special protection to be able to develop

in every way in conditions of freedom and dignity.

10.All children—irrespective of their race, color, sex or creed of

their parents—shall be entitled to these rights.

Cont….