Relationship of Organic Chemistry

to Biochemistry

Rondang R. Soegianto

2019
Chemistry is the Study of Matter

and its Changes

- What is matter?

- What are the changes?

 BIOCHEMISTRY = LIFE SCIENCE

Chemistry of living system related to

Functions and Needs of the system

Matter changes thru chemical reactions

Atoms interact to form a bond =

Chemical bonding

- Ionic bonds

- Covalent bonds
Atoms that loses e-  pos ion (cation)

Atom that acquires e-  neg ion (anion)

Ex. Ca + 2 Cl  CaCl2

Molecules ionize into individual ions

Electrons attracted more by one atom
than by the other = shared unequally

also called: Polar Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

Sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms

Ex. H2 , CH4

Molecules do not ionize

Electrons shared equally to both atoms,
nonpolar
 Solution Process
Polar solvents dissolve polar & ionic solutes
Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
Water dissolves ethylalcohol and NaCl (all
polar)
Hexane (C6H14) dissolves fats and oils (all
nonpolar)
Water also dissolves organic substances
(nonionic) sugars, AA’s, some proteins
BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS

Molecules of the body mainly:

C, H, O, N, S, P

Joined by covalent bonds

C is key element, forms covalent bond
with C, H, O, N, S

P as phosphate ion usually linked to C by

an oxygen atom in phosphorylation
process thru –OH group
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

- Carbon-Oxygen groups
- Carbon-Sulfur groups
- Carbon-Nitrogen groups
- Esters and Amides
Gambar 5.2a
Gambar 5.2b
Gambar 5.2c
KETONE BODIES are synthesized
in the liver as acetoacetic acid and
β-hydroxybutyric acid.

At physiological pH they form

their conjugate bases
Acetoacetate and β-Hydroxybutyrate
Gambar 4 Hal. 44
Groups that carry a Charge

Acidic groups contain a proton that can

dissociate  negative charge

Compouds containing N usually BASIC

and may acquire positive charge
Gambar Fig. 53
Gambar Fig. 54
REACTIVITY

Atoms with neg charge will be attracted

to atoms with pos charge and vice versa

Gambar Fig. 5.6
Gambar Fig. 5.7a (5)
Gambar Fig. 5.7b (6)
Gambar Fig. 5.8
Gambar Fig. 5.9
Gambar Fig. 5.10
Gambar Fig. 5.11
Gambar Fig. 5.12
Gambar Fig. 5.13
Gambar Page 50 No. 7
 Reference
Mark’s BASIC MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
A CLINICAL APPROACH 3d Ed, 2009
Lieberman, M and Marks, A.D.

Fundamentals of General, Organic, and

Biolocical Chemistry 2nd ed, 1996
Mc Murry, J. and Castellion, M.E.