Anatomy of

Abdomen & Pelvis

Abdomen
 Commonly known as Belly

 Space between Thorax and Pelvis

 Diaphragm upper surface

 Ends at the level of the pelvic bones

 Contains all the digestive organs

 stomach, small and large intestines,
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
 Urinary system
Abdominal Wall
 Abdominal wall encloses the abdominal cavity,

 which holds the bulk of the gastrointestinal viscera.

 Boundaries

-Superiorly:
Xiphoid process.
Costal cartilages of the 7th and 10th ribs.
-Inferiorly:
Iliac crest.
Anterior superior iliac spine.
Inguinal ligament.
Pubic tubercle, pubic crest and pubic symphysis.

http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/L35/os0100.htm
Quadrants & Regions
 Divided into Four quadrants
Right and left upper quadrants
Right and left lower quadrants

 Also divided into Six regions

 Midclavicular vertically

 Horizontally

 Subcostal plane

 Transtubercular plane
 Layer of Abdominal Wall

 Skin
 Superficial fascia: Fatty and membranous
 Deep fascia
 Muscles:
 Extra peritoneal tissue
 Peritoneum

http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/layers-of-the-abdominal-wall/
Skin

 Superficial layer
 Creases
 Umbilicus scar-fetus umbilical cord
 Collagen fibres in the dermis-
Langer's lines
 lines are surgically important
 pregnant women, obese people
Striae gravidara
 skin is very sensitive to touch, and
when touched, the muscles contract
Anatomy of Skin

 40 to 50 rows of stacked

squamous epithelial cells

 Protection from pathogens

 Sensory stimuli external

environment

 Insulation

 Avg. 20 square feet area

Nerve Supply

 Anterior rami of the lower

six thoracic nerve
 lower five intercostal and
the subcostal nerves
 the 1st lumbar nerve
 iliohypogastric and the
ilioinguinal nerve
Blood Supply

 Arteries
 midline is supplied by branches of the superior
and inferior epigastric arteries

 skin of the flanks- branches of the intercostal,

lumbar, and deep circumflex iliac arteries

 inguinal region -superficial epigastric, the

superficial circumflex iliac, and the superficial
external pudendal arteries, branches of the
femoral artery
Venous Supply

 venous drainage passes above mainly into the axillary vein via the lateral
thoracic vein
 below into the femoral vein via the superficial epigastric and the great
saphenous veins
Superficial Fascia

 Superficial fatty layer (fascia of Camper)

 Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

 3 inch thick in Obese People

 membranous layer is thin and fades out

laterally

 front of the thigh, where it fuses with the

deep fascia one fingerbreadth below the
inguinal ligament
Deep Fascia
 anterior abdominal wall is merely a thin layer of connective tissue
covering the muscles;

 it lies immediately deep to the membranous layer of superficial fascia

 Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall

 Three types of Muscles

 External oblique
 Internal oblique, and
 Transversus
 Either side of the midline anteriorly
 A wide vertical muscle, the rectus
abdominis
 Aponeuroses-sheet of pearly white
fibrous
Abdominal Cavity

 The largest hallow space

 It contains the greater part of the digestive tract & Urinary System
 the liver and pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands
located above the kidneys

 Small and Large Intestine etc.

 Cavity is lined up by Peritoneum, Omenta, Mesenteries and

 Other Viscera
General Arrangement of Abdominal Viscera
Any Questions?