Relationship with R and angle

General family of curve

R=Rocosnθ
Ro=Rad @ crown
n-constant ,

Circle Cycloid Centenary Parabolic

0 1 -2 -3

Now consider 1st equation for “g”

N   zR xO
N   g cos  ( R0 cos  ) n
y  g sin 
N   R0 g cos n 1
 z  g cos 
Now we know that

 1 dN 
k Y
 R d 


1
R0 cos n 
d
 d R0 g cos n 1
    g sin  
 


1
R0 cos 
n
 
R0 g ( n  1) cos n

  ( sin  )   g sin  

k  g (n  2) sin 
Consider 2nd equation
Nx   kx
Nx  ( n  2) g sin   x

Consider 3rd equation

1 l 2  1 dk
Nx     x 2 
24  R d

1 l 2  1 d
Nx     x 2   (n  2) g sin  
 R0 cos  d
n
24

1 l 2  (n  2)
Nx     x 2   g cos 
 R0 cos 
n
24

1 l 2  g
Nx   ( n  2)   x 2 
2  4 R
 0 cos n 1

 Calculation of Nx Nxθ ,Nθ for snow load ‘Po’ surface projection

consider 1st equation

N   ZR R  R 0 cos n 
xO
N   PoRo cos n2

y  Po sin  cos 
 1 dN 
k Y z  Po cos 2 
 R d 


1
R0 cos n 
d
 d 
 P0 R0 cos n2
    P sin  cos 
0
 

1
  P R
0 0 ( n  2 ) cos n 1
  ( sin  )  Po sin  cos 
R0 cos 
n

k  Po(n  3) sin  cos 

 Consider

Nx   kx
Nx  ( n  3) Po sin  cos  x
Now Consider
1 l 2  1 dk
Nx     x 2 
24  R d

1 l 2  1 d
Nx     x 2   (n  3) Po sin  cos  
 R0 cos  d
n
24

1 l 2 2 1
Nx     x   (n  3) Po sin    sin    cos cos 
 R0 cos 
n
24
 1 l 2 2
Nx     x 
1

 (n  3) Po sin    (n  3) Po cos  
2 2

 R0 cos 
n
24

1 l 2 2  ( n  3)
Nx     x  
Po  cos    sin  
2 2

 R0 cos 
n
24

1 l 2  cos 2
  sin 2

Nx   (n  3) Po   x 
2

2 Ro  4  cos n

Calculation with different directrix

Cylindrical shell with circular directrix

Now consider a point on directix
R=Rocosnθ n =O
Ro = a
R=a

Putting the values

N   ga cos
Nx  2gx sin 
g l 2 2
Nx     x  cos 
a 4 
Now Consider N   ga cos

Independent of x and always - ve

And hence compressive

g l 2 2
Nx     x  cos 
a 4 

For all values of x & θ Nx is - ve

And hence compressive

Now Consider Nx  2gx sin 

At certain +x from with certain θ Nx  2gx sin 

When θ = θc it is an edge beam and variation is shown here

Axial force introduced in beam at distance x

P  [ Nx ]at   c

Total force P
 l/2


P    2 gx sin  c dx
x

l 2 2
  g   x  sin c
4 

P is max when x=o

2
gl
P sin c
4
 Similarly for snow load

N   Poa cos  2

Nx  1.5 Pox sin 2

Po  l 2 2
Nx  1.5   x  cos 2
a 4 

Independent of x for all values of θ will

N   Poa cos 
2
remain compressive
 Po  l 2 2
Nx  1.5   x  cos 2
a 4 

When x = O
Po  l 2 
Nx  1.5   cos 2
a 4

When θ is less than 450 Nx is compressive

If θ>π/4 then 2 θ>π/2

Hence cos2 θ> -1

Nx is positive tensile

When x=+L/2 or x=-L/2 Nx become zero

Nx  1.5Pox sin 2

Cylindrical shell cycloid directrix n=1

2 Independent of x for all values of θ will

N   ga cos  remain compressive

Nx  3gx sin 

When x=O, Nxθ= O

l
Nx  3g sin  @ x= l/2
2
l
Nx  3 g sin  @ x= -l/2
2
 3g  l 2 2
Nx    x 
2a  4 

Put x= O and x= ±l/2

For snow load

N   Poa cos 2  When θ=π/2

Nx=∞
Nx  4Pox sin  cos
Nθ=0
Po  l 2  cos 2
  sin 2
 Nxθ=0
Nx  2  x 
2

a 4  cos 
Cylindrical shell with catenary directrix
Catenary when n =-2
N   ga / cos

Nx  0

Nx  0
•Disintegrates in to series of independent arches as Nx =O

•Transfer the entire load to their edge beam & no load to

traverses as Nxθ=O
Cylindrical shell with parabolic directrix
For parabola n = - 3

Stress due to dead load

gRo
N  
cos 2 

Nx  gx sin 

g l 2 2
Nx  0.5   x  cos 4

Ro  4 
Comments on membrane theory
• thin shell acts as partially arch and partially beam
Beam action  transverse [through the
medium of shear stress developed between
the adjacent rings ]

Arch action edge beam

Bending Theory
Membrane theory of a circular cylindrical shell
for fourier loading

Membrane stress one to be used as Particular-integral

in bending theory

The load is expressed in Fourier form because

in bending theory
Equation of equilibrium and stress- strain relationship are
combined to form a single 8th order deferential equation.
& equation developed for mid span is to be extended to all
sections
θ from crown to edge
Φfrom left edge to crown
Recast the eque. Of equilibrium by replacing θ=Φc- Φ

dNx 1 dNx
  X  O          1
dx a d

1 dN dNx
  Y  O        (2)
a d dx

N  az  O        (3)
Stress under self weight g

4 x 1 3x 1 5x
( g ) self .wt.  g (cos  cos  cos .........
 l 3 l 5 l
Consider 1st term

4 x
g  g cos
 l X=O
Y=g sinθ
Z= g cosθ

θ=Φc- Φ
Now replacing
 4 x
Z  g cos cos(c   )
 l

4 x
Y   g cos sin(c   )
 l

Consider III equation

N  az  O

4 x
N  a[ g cos cos(c   )]
 l
Consider II eque

1 dN dNx
 Y  O
a d dx

dNx  1 dN 
  Y
dx  a d 

Now integrate w. r. to x both side

 1 dN 
Nx     a d  Y  dx
 

Put value of NΦ, and Y

 1 d  4ag x 4 x
Nx    [ cos cos(c   )]  ( g cos sin(c   )]dx
a d  l  l

1  4ag x 4 x
Nx    [ cos   sin(c   )   ( g cos sin(c   )]dx
a  l  l

1  4ag  x  l 4 x l
Nx   [   sin    sin(c   )   g sin sin(c   )]
a   l   l 

4 gl  x  4 gl x
Nx  2  sin  sin(c   )  2 sin sin(c   )]
  l   l
 8 gl  x 
Nx  2  sin  sin(c   )
  l 

Consider Ist equation

dNx 1 dNx

dx a d
Put the value of Nxø
1 d  8l x 
 g sin sin(c   )
a d   2 l 

1  8l x 
  2 g sin cos(c   )
a  l 
 dNx 8l x
  2 g sin cos(c   )
dx  a l
By integrating w. r. to x both side
8 gl 2 x
Nx   3 cos cos(c   )
 a l
Stress under snow load

We may represent Po as

4 x x x
Po  Po(cos  1 / 3 cos 3  1 / 5 cos 5 .........
 l l l
Consider 1st term
4 x
Po  Po cos
 l
Proceeding in the same manner as for self
weight we may easily arrive at.

4 Po  a x
N   cos cos(c   )
 l
6 Po  l x
Nx  sin sin 2(c   )
 2
l
12 Po  l 2 x
Nx   cos cos 2(c   )
a 3
l