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An Introduction To Tax: 2020 Edition
An Introduction To Tax: 2020 Edition
Entities
2020 Edition
Chapter 1
An Introduction
to Tax
12
10
0
Low Med Hig
ium h
Tax Base
40
35
30
25 Proportional
20 Progressive
15 Regressive
10
5
0
Low Medium High
Tax Base
• Federal Taxes:
– Income taxes
– Employment and unemployment taxes
– Excise taxes
– Transfer taxes
• State and Local Taxes:
– Income taxes
– Sales and use taxes
– Property taxes
– Excise taxes
• Implicit Taxes
Copyright ©2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. 1-15
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Federal Taxes (1 of 2)
• Income Taxes
– Represents approximately 56.5 percent of all tax
revenues collected in the United States (individuals 47.3
percent and corporations 9.2 percent).
– Levied on individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts.
• Employment and Unemployment Taxes
– Second-largest group of taxes imposed by the U.S.
government
– Employment taxes include the OASDI (Social Security
tax) and the MHI tax (Medicare tax).
– Unemployment taxes fund temporary unemployment
benefits for individuals terminated from their jobs
without cause.
Copyright ©2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. 1-16
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Federal Taxes (2 of 2)
• Excise Taxes
– Third-largest group of taxes imposed by the
U.S. government
– Levied on the quantity of products sold
• Estate and Gift Taxes
– Levied on the fair market values of wealth
transfers upon death or by gift
• Income Taxes
– Most state taxable income calculations largely
conform to the federal taxable income
calculations, with a limited number of
modifications.
• Excise Taxes
– States typically impose excise taxes on items
subject to federal excise tax.